Selection of the variety of sweet potato and features of their cultivation technology

Abstract

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan Valley. In 2017-2019, studies were conducted on irrigated meadow-gray earth soils. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. Selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70x25 and 90x20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest, at various irrigation regimes according to pre-irrigation soil moisture of 65-70, 70-70 and 70-80% of MWHC and the norms of mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers-control, N100P80K50, N150P120K75, N200P160K100 and N250P200K125 kg/ha). To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20-22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15-18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3-5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65-70%. 7-10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43-48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12-15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, according to the scheme 70x20-25x1 cm in the second or third decade of April. After transplanting, after 15-18 days in the field, planting care begins. Care includes – interrow processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of research, varieties - Sochakinur, Xar-Bay, and Japan were identified. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70x25x1 and 90x20x1 cm with an irrigation mode according to pre-irrigation soil moisture of not less than 70-80% MWHC and the application of mineral fertilizers in the norm of N200P160K100 kg/ha contributes to a marketable crop yield per hectare of at least 48-52 tons with good qualities and good preservation.