AN OVERVIEW OF COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, PERSISTANT CHALL ENG FOR COTTON PRODUCTION
Keywords:
CLCUD, Resistance, Upland Cotton, Biotic stress, Whitefly, Gemini virusesAbstract
Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease is crucial threat for cotton production in Pakistan. CLCuV belongs to genus Begomovirus
of Geminiviridae family and is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Drastic reduction in yield was observed during 1994-
95 and 2007-08 due to this disease. However in 1996-1997 CLCuD resistant varieties such as CIM 1100, CIM 448, CIM 446,
MNH 554 and VH 53 were evolved but in 2006-07 with the development of recombinant specie (Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala
virus) having sequence derived from CLCuMuV and CLCuKoV, disease spread in epidemic form breaking all of the available
resistance in Gossypium hirsutum L. germplasm. The resistant sources against the new species of CLCuV are Gossypium
herbaceum and Gossypium arboreum and eight wild diploid species which can be used to transfer resistant gene in upland
cotton. Owing to unavailability of resistant varieties losses due to this disease can be minimized by adopting certain management
strategies like early sowing, balanced use of fertilizer and eradication of host plants from field. Utilization of advanced
bio-techniques such as marker assisted selection, RNAi and DNAi based genetic resistance may prove to be fruitful for the
control of the disease.
In this review article we have tried to cover all aspects of cotton leaf curl disease and losses caused by this disease. Cotton
leaf curl virus causes severe reduction in cotton production. Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant varieties can diminish
the damages of this disease. Balanced use of fertilizers and eradication of host plants and weeds can reduce the disease
incidence. Previously scientists of CCRI Multan and different research organization have tried to incorporate resistant gene
from G. arborium and G. herbacium by inter-specific crossing with Gossypium hirsutum L. Hexaploid population of above
mentioned inter-specific cross was developed together with back crossing with upland cotton but success in this aspect is not
significant. Secondly, amphidiploids of resistant diploid species followed by crossing as well as back crossing with upland cotton
were studied but resistance obtained was not strong enough to combat this disease. We consider in future, that synthetic
tetraploids should be developed by using resistant diploid species having “A” and D genome such as: 1. Gossypium arboreum ×
Gossypium gossypioides;2. Gossypium hebraceum × Gossypium gossypioides;3. Gossypium arboreum × Gossypium laxum;4.
Gossypium herbaceum × Gossypium laxum
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