INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT ON WATER INFILTRATION AND SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Keywords:
infltration rate, meadow, pasture, soil compaction, soil physical properties, stocking densityAbstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of animal trampling and heavy machinery used for forage harvest on soil physical properties and infiltration rate in grasslands. Soil physical properties under grasslands are expected to be modified by stocking density at the pastures and at the meadows by silage harvest machinery. These physical properties of soil can affect hydrologic processes that have important implications for water runoff (or balance). Trial was conducted during the period 2011 – 2013 in three sward types: meadow (ME), cattle pasture (PA), and unutilized grassland (PN) which was control variant. Measurements were made at the beginning of the vegetation period (April) after the first cut (July) and at the end of growing season (October). Infiltration rate, bulk density and porosity were evaluated. For measurement of water infiltration double ring in filtrometer method was used. For determination of soil physical properties undisturbed soil samples were taken from depth of 20 – 70 mm, 120 – 170 mm and 220 – 270 mm along with infiltration attempt. Harvest machinery and cattle grazing significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased infiltration rate. It reached in the frst minute value 34.5 mm/min in PN treatment compared to 7.0 mm/min in PA and 12.6 mm/min in ME. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in soil physics at followed order in bulk density: PA (1.57g/cm3) ˃ ME (1.42g/cm3) ˃ PN (1.17g/cm3), in porosity: PA (40.2% vol.) ˃ ME (45.9% vol.) ˃ PN (55.6% vol.) in average of all years and depths. These results demonstrate that intensive grassland exploitation causes soil compaction, degradation of soil physical properties and leads ultimately to reduce infiltration rate.
References
Adams, W. A. and R. J. Gibbs, 2004. Natural Turf for Sport and Amenity: Science and Practice. CAB International, Cambridge, 3rd edition, 404 pp., ISBN 0 85198 720 6.
Akker, J. J. H. and P. Schjønning, 2004. Subsoil compaction and ways to prevent it. In: Managing soil quality: challenges in modern agriculture. Edited by Schjønning P., Elmholt S., Christensen B. T, CABI Publishing, 344 pp.
ASTM D5093 02, 2008. Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring.
Baker, S. W., 1991. Compaction: A Problem of Wear and Tear. Turf Management, pp. 11–13.
Barnes, R. F., J. Nelson, K. J. Moore and M. Collins, 2007. Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 6th Edition, ISBN: 978-0-8138-0232-9.
Billota, G. S., R. E. Brazier and P. M. Haygarth, 2007. The Impacts of Grazing Animals on the Quality of Soils, Vegetation and Surface Waters in Intensively Managed Grasslands. Advances in Agronomy, 94: 237–280.
Braun, B., K. Kasprzak and I. Kolář, 1996. The effect of alfalfa stand on surface runoff and water erosion. Rostlinná výroba, 42: 375–379 (Pl).
Drewry, J. J., K. C. Cameron and G. D. Buchan, 2001. Effect of simulated dairy cow treading on soil physical properties and ryegrass pasture yield. 44: 181–190
Dufková, J. and F. Toman, 2004. Soilerosion in climatechangeconditions (Eroze půdy v podmínkách klimatické změny). In: Mezinárodní Vědecká Konference Extrémy Počasí A Podnebí. Brno: Brno ČHMÚ (Cz).
Evans, R., 1997. Soil Erosion in the UK Initiated by Grazing Animals: A Need for a National Survey. 17: 127-14.
Franzluebbers, A. J., J. A. Stuedemann and D. H. Franklin, 2011. Water infiltration and surface-soil structural properties as influenced by animal traffic in the Southern Piedmont USA. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems.27 (04):December 2012, pp 256-265, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1742170511000378Published online: 26 August 2011.
Hansen, S., 1995. Effect of manure treatment and soil compaction on plant production of a dairy farm system convering to organic farming practice. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 56 (3): 173 – 186.
Håkansson, I. and R. C. Reeder, 1994. Subsoil compaction by vehicles with high axleload-extent, persistence and crop response. Soil and Tillage Research, 29: 277 – 304.
Hubbard, R. K., G. L. Newton and G. M. Hill, 2004. Water quality and the grazing animal. (Review). Journal of Animal Science, 82: E255-263.
Hrabě, F. and P. Knot, 2011. The effect of trophism level and exploitation intensity on the production characteristics of grassland communitydominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Plant, Soil and Environment, 57: 160-165. ISSN 1214-1178.
IUSS-ISRIC-FAO, 2006. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006 – A Framework for International Classification, Correlation and Communication. World Soil Resources Reports, FAO Rome, 128 pp.
Jandák, J., 2003. Cvičení Z Půdoznalství. Practiceof Pedology. Skriptum. Mendelova Zemědělská A Lesnická Univerzita v Brně, Brno, 92 pp.ISBN 80-7157-733-2.
Jorajuria, D., L. Draghi and A. Aragon, 1997. The effect of vehicle weight on the distribution of compaction with depth and the yield of Lolium/Trifolium grassland. Soil and Tillage Research. 41: 1-12.
Kasprzak, K., 1987. Příspěvek k hydrologicky významným formám přetváření propustnosti orných půd. Contributionto hydrologically significant forms of arablel and permeability transformation .Vodohosp. Čas., 35 (1): 62-80 (Cz). Kostjakov, A. N., 1951. Osnovy Melioracij. Selchozgiz, Moskow (Ru).
Kutílek, M., 1978. Vodohospodářská Pedologie. Watersoil Science. Praha: SNTL/ALFA, 261 pp. (Cz).
Lhotský, J., 2000. Zhutňování půd a opatření proti němu: (studijní zpráva) = Soilcompaction and measuresagainstit: (review). Praha: Ústav zemědělských a potravinářských informací, 61 pp. ISBN 80-7271-067-2.
Mládek, J., V. Pavlů, M. Hejcman and J. Gaisler (eds.), 2006. Grazing as a Management of Grasslands in Protected Areas. VÚRV Praha.
Muirhead, R. W., R. P. Collins and P. J. Bremer, 2005. Erosion and subsequent transport state of Escherichia coli from cow pats. JOURNAL???, 71: 2875-2879.
Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran, 2012. Snedecor and Cochran‘s Statistical Methods. Blackwell Publ., p. 576. ISBN 9780813808642.
STATSOFT Inc., 2007. STATISTICA Data Analysis Software System, Version 8.0., www.statsoft.com.
Trevisan, D., J. M. Dorioz, J. Poulenard, P. Quetin, C. Prigent Combaret and P. Merot, 2010. Mapping of critical source areas for diffuse fecal bacterial pollution in extensively grazed water sheds. JOURNAL????, 44: 3847-3860.
Van Eekeren, N., H. De Boer, M. Hanegraaf, J. Bokhorst, D. Nierop, J. Bloem, T. Schouten, R. De Goede and L. Brussaard, 2010. Ecosystem services in grassland associated with biotic and abiotic soil parameters. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42 (9): 1491-1504.
Walling, D. E., A. L. Collins and G. K. Mcmellin, 2003. A reconnaissance survey of the source of interstitial fine sediment recovered from salmonid spawning gravels in England and Wales. 497: 91-108.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
