The quality of goat milk and hygiene management practices on farms in Vojvodina
Keywords:
chemical composition, goat milk, milking practices, SCC, TBCAbstract
The present work aimed to study the goat farms concerning different hygiene-sanitary and health management practice. Also, bulk tank milk of Alpine breed goats was used to investigate changes in the composition of milk during lactation on six farms in Vojvodina Region. The results showed that although 96.67% of farmers were familiar with mastitis, approximately 56.67% of farmers reported a lack of knowledge about subclinical mastitis and therefore not intensely monitoring udder health during the lactation period. Somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacteria count (TBC) were the most variable traits in our research and lactation average SCC between investigated farms showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) (a range from 1088×10³/ml to 3129×10³/ml). At the same time, TBC was found in a wider range, from 66×10³/ml to 3508×10³/ml. Furthermore, SCC and TBC often did not meet the recommended quality level. Therefore, during the entire lactation period, 63% of the milk samples contained above 1.5 million SCC/ml and 37% of the samples were contained TBC above 1.5 million CFU/ml. Results also confirmed considerable seasonal variations of goat milk composition and the milk fat was the component that most varied (cv: 33.16%). It was observed that organic in comparison to conventional milk chemical composition, was significantly different, especially in terms of protein content (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, goat dairy production could be of considerable importance in Vojvodina but dairy goat sector requires a more systemic approach, better hygiene milking conditions and implemented prevention and control programmes during the milking routine.
References
Ajuda, I.,Vieira, A., De Almeida, F. &Stilwell, G. (2013). Conformation of the udder, is that a problem in our dairy farms? Preliminary results. Goat Milk Quality Regional IGA Conference 2013 in Tromsø, Norway, 1.
AOAC (2000).Official method 998.06 - Casein nitrogen content of milk, 32.2.65. In: Official methods of analysis, 17th edn, Arlington-Virginia USA, ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists,pp. 52.
Bergonier, D., De Crémoux, R., Rupp, R., Lagriffoul, G. &Berthelot, X. (2003). Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Veterinary Research, 34, 689–716.
Bernacka, H. (2007).Cytological quality of goat milk on the basisofthe somatic cell count. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7 (4), 773-778.
Borges, C. H. P., Cordeiro, P. R. C. &Bresslau, S. (2004). Seasonal variation of goat milk composition and somatic cell count in South-eastern Brazil. International Symposium the future of the sheep and goat dairy sectors, 28-30 October 2004, Zaragoza, Spain.
Canada, J.,Fenyvessy, J. &Bohata, S.(2015).Somatic cell count of milk from different goat breeds.Acta Univ. SapientiaeAlimentaria,8,45-54.
Delgado-Pertiñez, M., Alcalde, M. J., Guzmán-Guerrero, J. L., Castel, J. M., Mena, Y. &Caravaca, F. (2003). Effect of hygiene-sanitary management on goat milk quality in semi-extensive systems in Spain. Small Ruminant Research, 47, 51–61.
Fekadu, B., Soryala, K., Zenga, S., VanHekken, D., Baha, B. &Villaquirana, M. (2005). Changes in goat milk composition during lactation and their effect on yield and quality of hard and semi-hard cheeses. Small Ruminant Research, 59, 55–63.
Greppi, G. F., Roncada, P. &Fortin, R. (2008). Protein components of goat`s milk. In: A. Cannas and G.Pulina (eds.), Dairy goats feeding and nutrition.CAB International 2008, Wallingford, UK, 71-95.
Grosclaude, F. &Martin, P. (1997).Casein polymorphisms in the goat. Milk ProteinPolymorphism, 9702, 241–253.
Haenlein, G.F.W. (2002). Relationship of somatic cell counts in goat milk to mastitis and productivity. Small Ruminant Research, 45, 163–178.
Jimenez-Granado, R., Sanchez-Rodriguez, M., Arce, C. &Rodriguez-Estevez, V. (2014). Factors affecting somatic cell count in dairy goats: a review. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(1), 133-150.
Kompan, D. &Komprej, A. (2012).The effect of fatty acids in goat milk on health. Milk production-an up-to-date overview of animal nutrition, management and health. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50769
Leitner, G., Lavon,Y. G., Matzrafi,Z., Benun, O., Bezman, D. &Merin, U.(2016). Somatic cell counts, chemical composition and coagulation properties of goat and sheep bulk tank milk. International Dairy Journal, 58, 9-13.
Mayer, K. H. &Fiechter,G.(2012). Physicochemical characteristics of goat's milk in Austria-seasonal variations and differences between six breeds. Dairy Science and Technology,92 (2), 167-177.
Memiši, N.,Bogdanović, V., Žujović, M. &Tomić, Z. (2011). Influence of order of lactation on milk production and somatic cell count in Alpine goats. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 27 (2),227-234.
Morgan, F., Massouras, T., Barbosa, M., Roseiro, L., Ravasco, F., Kandarakis, I., Bonnin, V., Fistakoris, M., Anifantakis, E., Jaubert, G. &Raynal-Ljutovac, K. (2003). Characteristics of goat milk collected from small and medium enterprises in Greece, Portugal and France. Small Ruminant Research, 47, 39–49.
Murphy, S. C., Martin, N. H., Barbano, D. M. & Wiedmann, M. J. (2016). Influence of raw milk quality on processed dairy products: How do raw milk quality test results relate to product quality and yield?Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 10128-10149.
Park, W. Y.(2011). Goat milk products: Quality, composition, processing, marketing. In:Pond, W.G.&Bell, N. (eds.)Encyclopedia of animal science. 2nd edition. Taylor and Francis. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.
Paskaš, S.,Miočinović, J., Vejnović, B.&Beckei, Z.(2019). The nutritional quality of feedstuffs used in dairy goat nutrition in Vojvodina. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 35(2), 163-178.
Paterna, A., Contreras, A.,Gómez-Martín, A., Amores, J.,Tatay-Dualde, J., Prats-vanderHam, M., Corrales, J. C., Sánchez, A.&DelaFe,C.(2014). The diagnosis of mastitis and contagious agalactia in dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research,121, 36–41.
Petrovic, M. P., Petrovic, C. V., Ruzic-Muslic, D., Maksimovic, N., Cekic, B., Ilic, Z. Z.&Kurcubic, V. (2017). Strategy for sustainable development and utilization of sheep and goat resources in Serbia. ICSAFS Conference Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Comprehensive Approach, Serbia, 11-21.
Rahmann, G. (2009). Goat milk production under organic farming standards. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 11, 105-108.
Ribeiro, A. C. &Ribeiro, S. D. A. (2010).Speciality products made from goat milk. Small RuminantResearch,89, 225-233.
Salama, A. A. K., Such, X., Caja, G., Rovai, M., Casals, R., Albanell, E., Marin, M. P.&Marti, A. (2003). Effects of once versus twice daily milking throughout lactation milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 1673-1680.
Serbian Regulations (2013). Regulations onlabelling, tagging and advertising of food. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia 2013, 85 and 2013, 101.
Sharma, N., Singh, N. K. &Bhadwal1, M. S. (2011). Relationship of somatic cell count and mastitis: An overview. Asian-Australian Journal Animal Science, 24 (3), 429-438.
Silanikova, N., Leitner, G., Merin, U. & Prosser, C. G. (2010). Recent advances in exploiting goat milk: Quality, safety and production aspects. Small Ruminant Research, 89, 110-124.
Silva, W. E.,Soares, J. P. G., Silva, J. B., Façanha, D. A. E., Aroeira, L. J. M., Malaquias, J. V., Silva, J. B. A., Bezerra, A. C. D. S. & Abrantes, M. R.(2015).Organic and conventional management in a PardaAlpina dairy goat production system in northeasternBrazil Semina: CiênciasAgrárias. Londrina,36 (5), 3189-3202.
Yangilar, F. (2013). As a potentially functional food: Goats’ milk and products. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 1 (4), 68-81.
Zeng, S.S., Escobar, E. N. & Popham, T. (1997). Daily variations in somatic cell count, composition, and production of Alpine goat milk. Small Ruminant Research, 26, 253–260.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
