Потенциални рискове от замърсяване на производството при земеделие в градска среда
Ключови думи :
замърсяване на въздуха, тежки метали, замърсяване на почвите, градско земеделиеАбстракт
Миграцията на хора от малките населени места към големите градове е трайна тенденция поради повечето възможности, които градовете предлагат. Увеличаването на населението води както до преустройство и намаляване на обработваемата земя, така и до увеличаване на хранителните нужди на града. Тези тенденции отново поставят темата за градското земеделие. Чрез него може да се постигне удовлетвореността на населението с храна в града, тъй като голяма част от зелените площи в и около него се превръщат в източник на прясна храна.
Но градското земеделие носи и рискове. Те идват от силно замърсения въздух, особено в големите градове или места с интензивен трафик. Замърсяване на производството може да възникне и от други източници, особено в райони в близост до индустриални зони, както и от места с интензивен трафик. Зеленчуковите култури, които обикновено се отглеждат при това земеделие, могат данатрупват тежки метали и консумацията им в прясно състояние да доведе до влошаване на човешкото здраве.
Целта на статията е да разгледа някои потенциални рискове от замърсяване на селскостопанските продукти, отглеждани при градско земеделие.
Литература (библиография)
Agrawal, M., Singh, B., Rajput, M., Marshall, F., & Bell, J. N. B. (2003). Effect of air pollution on periurban agriculture: a case study. Environmental Pollution, 126(3), 323-329.
Alloway, B. J. (2004). Contamination of soils in domestic gardens and allotments: a brief overview. Land contamination and reclamation, 12(3), 179-187.
Amato-Lourenco, L. F., Saiki, M., Saldiva, P. H., & Mauad, T. (2017). Influence of air pollution and soil contamination on the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Pahs) in vegetables grown in urban gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 5, 77.
Antisari, L. V., Orsini, F., Marchetti, L., Vianello, G., & Gianquinto, G. (2015). Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in urban gardens. Agronomy for sustainable development, 35(3), 1139-1147.
Atanasova, E., Atanasova, I., Simeonova, T., Nenova, L., Teoharov, M., & Stoykova, M. (2015). Assessment of the nutritional status of arugula (Eruca sativa) in technogenic soils. Soil Science Agrochemistry and Ecology, Year XLIX, № 1, pp. 65-71.
Banat, K. M., Howari, F. M., & Al-Hamad, A. A. (2005). Heavy metals in urban soils of central Jordan: should we worry about their environmental risks?. Environmental research, 97(3), 258-273.
Barthel, S., Folke, C., & Colding, J. (2010). Social–ecological memory in urban gardens–Retaining the capacity for management of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 20(2), 255-265.
Cameron, R. E. (1992). Guide to site and soil description for hazardous waste site characterization. Volume 1: Metal. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/4-91/029. Washington, DC: US EPA. http://nepis.epa. gov/EPA/html/Pubs/pubtitleORD.htm
Carl, J. (2002). Rosen Lead in the Home Garden and Urban Soil Environment. Extension Research Soil Scientist Department of Soil, Water and Climate.
Clemens, S., & Ma, J. F. (2016). Toxic heavy metal and metalloid accumulation in crop plants and foods. Annual review of plant biology, 67, 489-512.
Cornelis, R. (2002). Speciation of trace elements: a way to a safer world. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 373(3), 123-124.
Demirezen, D., & Aksoy, A. (2006). Heavy metal levels in vegetables in Turkey are within safe limits for Cu, Zn, Ni and exceeded for Cd and Pb. Journal of food quality, 29(3), 252-265.
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., & Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. science, 319(5864), 756-760.
Hao, X. Z., Zhou, D. M., Huang, D. Q., Cang, L., Zhang, H. L., & Wang, H. (2009). Heavy metal transfer from soil to vegetable in southern Jiangsu Province, China. Pedosphere, 19(3), 305-311.
Jean-Soro, L., Le Guern, C., Bechet, B., Lebeau, T., & Ringeard, M. F. (2015). Origin of trace elements in an urban garden in Nantes, France. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15(8), 1802-1812.
Kashem, M. A., Singh, B. R., & Kawai, S. (2007). Mobility and distribution of cadmium, nickel and zinc in contaminated soil profiles from Bangladesh. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 77(2), 187-198.
Kaye, J. P., Groffman, P. M., Grimm, N. B., Baker, L. A., Pouyat, R. V. (2006). A distinct urban biogeochemistry? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21: 192- 199.
Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y. M., Huang, Y. Z., & Zhu, Y. G. (2008). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental pollution, 152(3), 686-692.
Kim, H. S., Kim, K. R., Lim, G. H., Kim, J. W., & Kim, K. H. (2015). Influence of airborne dust on the metal concentrations in crop plants cultivated in a rooftop garden in Seoul. Soil science and plant nutrition, 61(sup1), 88-97.
Lin, B. B., Philpott, S. M., & Jha, S. (2015). The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic and applied ecology, 16(3), 189-201.
Lohrberg, F., Lička, L., Scazzosi, L., & Timpe, A. (Eds.). (2016). Urban agriculture europe. Jovis.
Massaquoi, L. D., Ma, H., Liu, X. H., Han, P. Y., Zuo, S. M., Hua, Z. X., & Liu, D. W. (2015). Heavy metal accumulation in soils, plants, and hair samples: an assessment of heavy metal exposure risks from the consumption of vegetables grown on soils previously irrigated with wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(23), 18456-18468.
Säumel, I., Kotsyuk, I., Hölscher, M., Lenkereit, C., Weber, F., & Kowarik, I. (2012). How healthy is urban horticulture in high traffic areas? Trace metal concentrations in vegetable crops from plantings within inner city neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany. Environmental Pollution, 165, 124-132.
Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M., & Marshall, F. M. (2009). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of India. Food and chemical toxicology, 47(3), 583-591.
Singh, A. N., Zehg, D. H., & Chen, F. S. (2005). Heavy metal concentrations in redeveloping soil of mine spoil under plantations of certain native woody species in dry tropical environment, India. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 17(1), 168-174.
Smit, J., & Nasr, J. (1992). Urban agriculture for sustainable cities: using wastes and idle land and water bodies as resources. Environment and urbanization, 4(2), 141-152.
Thomaier, S., Specht, K., Henckel, D., Dierich, A., Siebert, R., Freisinger, U. B., & Sawicka, M. (2015). Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming). Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30(1), 43-54.
Tixier, P., De Bon, H., & Holmer, R. (2006). Urban horticulture. Cities farming for the future: Urban agriculture for green and productive cities. Ottawa: ETC-UA/ RUAF, IDRC.
Voigt, A., & Leitão, T. E. (2016). Lessons learned: indicators and good practice for an environmentallyfriendly urban garden. In Urban Allotment Gardens in Europe (pp. 187-220). Routledge.
Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food policy, 35(4), 265-273.
EC. (2011). Commission Regulation (EU) No 420/2011 of 29 April 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official journal of the european union, 111, 3-6.
UM. (2014). (Umweltinstitut München): Pestizide (Pesticides). URL: http://www.umweltinstitut.org/themen/landwirtschaft /pestizide/glyphosat/haus-und-kleingarten.html.
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2018)а. Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2018)b. Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. Highlights https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Highlights.pdf
Файлове за сваляне
Публикуван
Брой
Раздел (Секция)
Лиценз
Авторски права (c) 2025 Икономика и управление на селското стопанство
Публикация с Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
