Почвено-климатични условия в района на мониторинговата мрежа за изследване на засолени почви „Кермен”

Абстракт

Soil monitoring programs in European countries are developed very intensively. It is due to the understanding that soils are unrecoverable resource at exposures exceeding the tolerance of the soil, and that monitoring their quality is equally important issue as the monitoring of water and air. Studies on acidification and salinization of soils are an important part of such monitoring. Monitoring is usually based on sampling using a uniform grid of points and subsequent processing of information by geostatistical methods. Saline soils in Bulgaria occupy an area of over 36 000 ha, which accounts for over 0.6% of the arable land and over 2.5 percentof the irrigated areas. Kermen is a town in Southern Bulgaria, Sliven region with latitude 42.50 and longitude 26.25. The altitude of the village is 100 to 199 m and agricultural lands are about 4220 ha. The climate in this area is typical Eastern European climate: relatively cool for the latitude winters and relatively hot summers, with average annual temperature amplitude is mostly between 23 and 24 °C. The maximum precipitation is in summer and minimum is in winter. The amplitude of the annual course of precipitation (difference between summer & winter total) reaches 15-25% of the annual amount.
There are conditions in the area favoring the evaporation of moisture from the soil and used by plants during the period from June to October. This process enhances the movement of groundwater in the soil capillaries up and they carry salt from depth. The process of salinisation is maintained and strengthened in the soils studied. Based on the available soil-climatic information in the town of Kermen a permanent monitoring network was established. Currently, the network consists of 30 points distributed in regular grid.