Changes in the Acid Neutralizing Capacity and the Cation-Exchange Properties of Soils under Mineral Fertilization and Organic Agriculture
Keywords:
cation exchange capacity, acid neutralizing capacity, Fluvisol, Vertisol, acidificationAbstract
This study deals with the changes in the cation-exchange properties (CECpH 8.2, CEC(sa)strongly acid and CEC (wa)weakly acid) and the acid neutralizing capacity of Alluvial-meadow soil (Fluvisol) and Smolnitsa (Vertisol) under long-term mineral fertilization and different agricultural practices. Considerable changes in the values of the strongly acid and weakly acid cation exchanger of the Fluvisol (0-30, 30-60 и 0-90 сm) were observed and smaller in the strongly acid exchanger of the Vertisol (0-40 cm). Soil susceptibility to acidification to рН 4-4.5 relative to the initial рН (H2O) 7.2-5.8 and pH (0.01 M CaCI2) of the soils was studied. The acid neutralizing capacity рНВС has been determined. An increased buffering was observed with the Fluvisol in the acid pH interval (5.3-4.0) under 38 years of a field experiment with maize with the variants of the highest fertilization rate, although a destruction of the strongly acid component of the soil adsorbent and an overall decrease of the CECsa took place. In the experiment with vegetables under 15 y period of mineral fertilization, a synergetic effect of an increase of the weakly acid cation exchanger CECwa and the рНВС was observed at the most intensively fertilized variant. With the Vertisol from Bojurishte a small decrease of the strongly acid exchanger as a result of mineral fertilization was observed and an increase in the cation exchange capacity due to different practices of of green manuring and incorporation of plant residues (straw). A significant increase of the acid neutralizing capacity pHBC was, however detected in the variant of incorporation of peas and rye biomass as additive agents increasing the soil resistance to acidification. The present study indicates that there exists a prerequisite for acidification of the plough layer of the Fluvisol.
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