Mobility of trace elements in arable soils from the Bobov dol valley, Bulgaria
Keywords:
trace elements, agricultural soils, physicochemical conditions, antagonismAbstract
Soils in the Bobovdol valley are influenced by a complex anthropogenic impact that increases the geochemical and pedo-morphological diversity in the region. In order to assess the mobility of some essential trace elements and toxicants three soil types used for agriculture were studied. They are located at a different distance from the coal fired Bobovdol Thermoelectric Power Plant (Bulgaria) and thence diversely enriched with Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn. The local geochemical particularities, profile distribution of elements and key soil features are used to assess the mobility of Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn.
According to the results obtained studied soils are characterized by low total and mobile content of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Their total contents are lower than the background values in bulgarian soils but lithic discontinuity or fly ash admixtures entail higher amounts. All elements are mainly concentrated in the silt fractions but river sediments (in Gleyic Fluvisol – profile 7) are richer in clays and clay-metal complexes. Organo-metal complexes of the elements are more typical of the strongly altered anthropogenic horizons in Pretic-Carbic Luvisol (profile 6).
Despite of all various geochemical and physicochemical conditions in soils, studied elements form stable associations with soil components which determine their slight mobility and strong competition.
There is a well-pronounced antagonism among the mobile forms (water-soluble and ion-exchangeable) of Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb and the most competitive ions are: Cu-Pb and Zn-Mn in reducing environment of river`s sediments while in the case of preferential adsorption of lead onto the mineral colloids: Zn-Pb and Mn-Pb. Copper is the least mobile element in the studied soils regardless of soil type and features while the bioavailability of lead is the most dependent on the soil type.
The content of mobile forms of the elements in studied soil types is non-toxic and decreases in the following order of average concentrations: Mn (0.72 mg/kg) > Pb (0.55 mg/kg) > Zn (0.09 mg/kg) > Cu (0.05 mg/kg).
References
Andreeva N., V. Tsolova, M. Harizanova. Vulnerability of some soil type from Bulgaria to chemical degradation. In: Digital book of proceedings of the International conference “Soil and agrotechnology in a changing world”, 11-15 May 2015, Sofia Published by ISSAPP “Nikola Poushkarov”, pp. 582-588. ISBN: 978-619-90560-0-4. http://www.issapp.org/upl_docs/Confrence2015.pdf
Atanassova I. D., 2012. Labile forms of heavy metals and organic compounds in soil adsorbent – indicators of bioavalability and ecochemical perturbations. DSc Thesis, AA, “N. Poushkarov” ISSAPP, 237 p.
BDS ISO 10381-1:2005. Soil quality - Sampling - Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes.
BDS ISO 10381-2:2005. Soil quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques.
BDS ISO 10381-4:2005. Soil quality - Sampling – Part 4. Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites.
BDS ISO 11464: 2012. Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analysis.
Dinev, 2012.Ecological monitoring and risk assessment in heavy metal contaminated soils. Dissertation, ISSAPP N. Poushkarov”, Sofia, 322 p. (in Bulgarian)
Ganev, S., Arsova A., 1980. Method for determining the strongly acid and weakly acid cation exchange in soil. Soil Sci. Agrochem., 15(3), 22–33 (In Bulg.).
Hristova, M., 2013.Content and availability of micronutrients-metals in Technosols. PhD thesis by scientific speciality “Soil Science”. ISSAPP “Nicola Pushkarov”, Sofia, 143 p.
ISO 10390: 2010. Soil quality - Determination of pH.
ISO 11047: 2015. Soil quality - Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc - Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods.
ISO 11466: 1995. Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia.
ISO/DIN 19730:2012. Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution.
IUSS Working Group WRB, 2006. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. 2nd edition. World Soil Resources Reports, № 103. FAO, Rome. ISBN 92-5-105511-4
Kachinsky, A., 1958. Mechanical and micro-aggregates composition of soil, methods for its determination. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 191 p.
Ladonin, D.V., 2002. Heavy Metal Compounds in Soils: Problems and Methods of Study. Eurasian Soil Science 35(6):605–613.
Marinkina, V., 1999. Study and possibilities for reclamation of sulphide containing material disclosed by the open cast mining. PhD Thesis. ISSAPP “N. Poushkarov “. Sofia, 271 p.
Minkina, T.M., Motusova, G.V., Nazarenko, O.G., Mandzhieva, S.S., 2010. Heavy Metal Compounds in Soil: Transformation upon Soil Pollution and Ecological Significance. N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Minkina, T., Mandzhieva, S., Motusova, G., Burachevskaya, M., Nazarenko, O., Sushkova, S., & Kizilkaya, R., 2014. Heavy metal compounds in a soil of technogenic zone as indicate of its ecological state. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 3(2), 144.
O’Day P. A., 1999. Molecular environmental geochemistry. Rev. Geophys. 37, 249–274.
Prüeß, A., 1992. Vorsorgewrte und Prufwerte fur mobile und mibilisierbare potentiell okotoxische Spurenelenente in Boden. Graner Wendlingen: Verlag Ulrivh E.
Regulation 3 about the Rates of Levels of Pollutants in Soil. State Journal 36/1979, Amended, State Journal 71 /2008 (Bg).
Schulin R., Johnson A., Frossard E., 2010. Trace Element-Deficient soils. In: Trace Elements in Soils (Ed. P. S. Hooda). BlacwellPublising Ltd., UK, 596 p.
Tsolova V., Hristova M., Banov M., 2013. Pedolithogenius features and ecological functions of Technosols vulnerable to chemical degradation. In: Proceedings of the XV Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 12 – 16, 2013, vol. II, p. 1040-1043
Tsolova, V., Nikova I., Zdravkov A., Ruskov K., Kolchakov V., 2016. Soils in the Bobovdol valley: genetic, geochemical and ecological characteristics. AA, ISSAPP “N. Pouskarov”, UMG “St. I. Rilski”, Sofia, 160 p. PublishScieSet-Eco, Sofia.
Violante A., Cozzolino V., Perelomov L., Caporale A.G., and Pigna M., 2010. Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments. J. Soil. Sci. Plant Nutr. 10 (3): 268 - 292 (2010).
Yolevski M. and Hadjianakiev A., 1976. Agro-cultivation of Soils in Bulgaria, Advanced Systemic List. The code of groups and soil varieties. MAF, ISSAPP “N. Poushkarov, Sofia. 89 p.
Yolevski M., Ninov N., Kostanov Sl., Gjurov G., Hadzhianakiev A., Angelov E., Kabakchiev I., Bonev K., Andonov T., Staykov J., Fotakieva E., Treikyashki P., Todorova N., ZhelyazkovP., Hristov B., 1980. Soil Classification scheme in the Republic Bulgaria. Publ. N. Poushkarov, Sofia, 42 pp.
Yossifova M., Dimitrova D., Karacholov P., 2016. Trace elements in soils planted with sunflower from Maritsa East region and Borovan-Banitsa village area in NW Bulgaria. BULGARIAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, National Conference with international participation “GEOSCIENCES 2016”, pp. 81-82.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
