Effect of nitrogen form and arbuscular mycorrhizal mushrooms on salad development and quality
Keywords:
Lactuca sativa L., nitrogen fertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fresh weight, quality parameters, plastid pigmentsAbstract
The role of the independent and combined influence of the nitrogen source and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil nutrient media on the processes of development, feeding and formation of quality in two varieties of salads was investigated Under the conditions of vascular experience. The fertilizer standards are the same - N300P300K377. Nitrogen in the variants of the experiment was introduced at the same rate but in the form of NH4NO3, CO(NH2)2, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases yields in the Izi variety, while the differences are insignificant in the Matador variety. In both variants, plants fertilized with (NH4)2SO4 form the largest mass leaf, this effect being more pronounced in the variants with added AMF. In both variants, induction with AMF increases the dry matter, total sugars, plastid pigments and reduces the nitrate content. Plants fertilized with (NH4)2SO4 form the largest dry mass regardless of the presence or absence of AMF. The variants of the Matador variant as well as those without the AMF of the Izi variant have the highest sugars when fertilizing with Ca(NO3)2. Most nitrates for both non AMF variants have variants with (NH4)2SO4, whereas in plants with inoculated fungi it is after fertilizing with Ca(NO3)2.
References
Arinushkina, EV. (1970). Guidelines for chemical analysis of soils. Moscow University Press
Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2008). Soil colloids: seat of soil chemical and physical acidity. The Nature and Properties of Soils, 311-358.
Brito, L. M., Sampaio, Á., Pinto, R., Mourão, I., & Coutinho, J. (2016). Lettuce response to organic and phosphate fertilizers and root mycorrhization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6), 842-849.
Bonfante, P., & Genre, A. (2010). Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant–fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature communications, 1(1), 1-11.
Chohura, P., & Kołota, E. (2011). Effect of differentiated nitrogen fertilisation on the yield and quality of leaf lettuce. Folia Horticulturae, 23(1), 61-66.
EC Commission Regulation No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Comm. 364, 5–24.
Escobar-Gutierrez, A. J., Burns, I. G., Lee, A., & Edmondson, R. N. (2002). Screening lettuce cultivars for low nitrate content during summer and winter production. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(2), 232-237.
Gunes, A., Aktas, M., & Post, W. H. K. (1995). Effect of partial replacement of nitrate by NH4-N, urea-N and amino acid-N in nutrient solution on nitrate accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Agrochimica (Italy), 39, 326–333.
Fan, X. H., & Li, Y. C. (2010). Nitrogen release from slow‐release fertilizers as affected by soil type and temperature. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 74(5), 1635-1641.
Hsu, C. Y., Chao, P. Y., Hu, S. P., & Yang, C. M. (2013). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of chlorophylls and pheophytins. Food Nutr Sci., 4, 1–8
Liu, C. W., Sung, Y., Chen, B. C., & Lai, H. Y. (2014). Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nitrate content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(4), 4427-4440.
Lobell, D. B. (2007). The cost of uncertainty for nitrogen fertilizer management: A sensitivity analysis. Field Crops Research, 100(2-3), 210-217.
Mitova, I. V. A. N. K. A., Nenova, L. U. B. A., Stancheva, I., Geneva, M. A. R. I. A., Hristozkova, M. A. R. I. E. T.A., & Mincheva, J. A. N. E. T. (2017). Lettuce response to nitrogen fertilizers and root mycorrhization. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23(2), 260-264.
Mitova Iv., Dinev, N. (2018). Quality of cabbage production depending on applied fertilization. Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science Agrochemisty and Ecology, 52(4), 13- 21.
Pryanishnikov, DN. (1965). Selected Works: In 3 vols, 1965. Volume 1: Agrochemistry. Ed. Moscow, Kolos, 767 p.
Pavlou, G. C., Ehaliotis, C. D., & Kavvadias, V. A. (2007). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae, 111(4), 319-325.
Prasad, S., & Chetty, A. A. (2008). Nitrate-N determination in leafy vegetables: Study of the effects of cooking and freezing. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 772-780. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.005.
Peev, Hr. (1985). Agrochemical and physiological basics of plant production quality. Zemizdat, Sofia, 263-267
Santamaria, P. (2006). Nitrate in vegetables: toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86(1), 10-17.
Shaban, N. (2007). Agrobiological assessment of the joint application of leaf fertilizers and pesticides in the cul¬tivation of some vegetable crops. Dissertation for awarding a PhD degree, “N. Pushkarov” Institute, Sofia
Stancheva, I., Atanosova, E., Dinev, N., & Raikova, L. (1997). Plastid pigment content, nitrate reductase activity and nitrate accumulation in lettuce leaves in relation to nitrogen source, fertilizer rate and soil acidity. Publicatiile Societatii Nationale Romane pentru Stiinta Solului (Romania).
Tsvetkov, I., Georgieva, L., Tsvetkova, D., Michailova, V., & Georgiev, D. (2017). Benefits of the micorrhizal fungi Glomus spp. for grapevine nutrient uptake, biocontrol and microbial ecology. J Mt Agric Balk, 20(1), 227-250.
Ye, X., Al-Babili, S., Klöti, A., Zhang, J., Lucca, P., Beyer, P., & Potrykus, I. (2000). Engineering the provitamin A (β-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science, 287(5451), 303-305.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
