Phenological development of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) depending on genotype and some meteorological factors

Abstract

Coriander is one of the major essential - oil crops, grown in Bulgaria. The field experiment was carried out in the 2020 and 2021 crop years on alluvial-meadow soils, on the land of Voyvodinovo village – Maritsa municipality, Plovdiv City region. The experiment was set by the method of fraction parcels in four repetitions, with size of the crop parcel - 15 m2, after a predecessor - wheat. Five coriander varieties in two different years were tested; Jantar, Maroccan, Mesten drebnoploden, Thüringen, and Marino. The main phenological stages were recorded: sowing, germination, rosette, stem elongation, budding, flowering, fruiting and ripening. Depending on the dates of the phenological stages, the duration of the inter-stage periods is calculated. The obtained results showed that the phenological development of coriander is determined by the genotype as well as by the meteorological factors. The increased rainfall in the second year of the study elongates the ripening phase and generally the entire growing period, while the dry and hot summers in the first harvest year contribute to a shorter duration of the ripening period and in the whole of the growing season. From the study related to the phenological development of coriander, it can be concluded that in the conditions of Voyvodinovo village the average vegetation period of the crop is 120 days. The difference between the earliest and the latest variety is 5 days. The shortest growing season is with the Maroccan variety 117 days, and the longest - Marino -122 days. The longest is the interphase period fruiting - ripening (31.5 days) and the shortest- rosette - stem elongation (20 days).