Morphological markers to identify common winter wheat cultivars (Tr. aestivum L.) with variation analysis and homogeneity test
Keywords:
common winter wheat; morphological markers; cultivar; homogeneity; influence; genotype; yearAbstract
The study was conducted at the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo with comparative testing of progenies in two consecutive years (2016-2018) using the standard, local cultivation technology. Four common winter wheat cultivars Ginra, Gizda, Nikolay and Murgavetz are involved in the experiment. They are homogeneous in their progeny. The most suitable morphological marker is thousand kernels weight with low to middle variation during years and low variation among cultivars over the study period. Plant height is also low variable and can be used as a morphological marker. The accuracy of the study was high in both years of the study. The influence of genotype is highest a thousand kernels weight, productive tillering, and lowest on spike length. The influence of year is highest on spike length, kernel density and lowest a thousand kernels weight.
References
Agency Plant Variety testing, Appr. & Seed Control (2012). Results of varietal testing of varieties of field and vegetable crops recognized for inclusion in list "A", variety Nikolay, 12-13 (Bg). https://iasas.goverrnment.bg
Agency Plant Variety testing, Appr. & Seed Control (2016). Results of variety testing of varieties of plant species recognized for inclusion in lists "A" and "B" of the country's official variety list in 2016, Ginra cultivar. (Bg). https://iasas.goverrnment.bg
Boyadjieva, D. (2007). Cultivars of IPGR “K. Malkov”- town of Sadovo, cultivars of cereals crops, brochure. Institute of plant genetic resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo (Bg).
Breseghello, F., & Sorrells, M. E. (2006). Association mapping of kernel size and milling quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Genetics, 172(2), 1165-1177. https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article-pdf/172/2/1165/42070295/genetics1165.pdf
Dimitrov, G. (2018). Establishment of genotypes of common winter wheat and peas suitable for organic farming, Abstract of Dissertation, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Bg).
Dimova, D., & Marinkov, E. (1999). Experimental work with biometrics. Academic print of AU, 50, 93, 98 (Bg).
Ficco, D., Beleggia, R., Pecorella, I., Giovanniello, V., Frenda, A. S., & De Vita, P. (2020). Relationship between seed morphological traits and ash and mineral distribution along the kernel using debranning in durum wheats from different geographic sites. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), (11): E1523, pp 1-13. DOI: 10.3390/foods9111523.
Georgieva, Hr., Tsankova, D., & Samodova, A. (2004). Biological and economic qualities of some perspective wheat varieties. Field crop studies, vol. I, 1, 51-56 (Bg).
Giunta, F., De Vita, P., Mastrangelo, A. M., Sanna, G., & Motzo, R. (2018). Environmental and genetic variation for yield-related traits of durum wheat as affected by development. Frontiers in plant science, 9, 8.
Jiang, X., Mao, D., Zhu, M., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhu, X., Guo, W., & Ding, J. (2022). Evaluating the Waterlogging Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars during the Early Growth Stage Using the Comprehensive Evaluation Value and Digital Image Analysis. Agriculture, 12, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030384
Kachakova, Sv., & Desheva, G. (2013). Correlations between the main structural elements of yield in common wheat cultivars, Plant sci., 50, 5-8 (Bg).
Khadka, K., Earl, H. J., Raizada, M. N., & Navabi, A. (2020). Physio-morphological trait-based approach for breeding drought tolerant wheat, Front. Plant Sci. 11:715. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00715.
Kolev, K. (1993). Studies on the methods and schemes for seed production of triticale. Abstract of PhD Thesis, IRGR, Sadovo (Bg).
Lidanski, Tr. (2012). Biostatistics: methods, schemes, analysis. Part I, Basic of biostatistics analysis. Methods of biologicals traits, 38-34 (Bg).
Lovnyaeva, A. L. (2007). Variability of spring soft wheat varieties and its use in primary seed production, (Izmenchivost' sortov yarovoy myagkoy pshenitsy i yeye ispol'zovaniye v pervichnom semenovodstve), Abstract of PhD Thesis, Voronezh, 9; 17-20 (Ru). https://www.dissercat.com/content/selektsionnaya-tsennost-sortov-i-gibridov-yarovoi-myagkoi-pshenitsy-v-usloviyakh-srednego-po/read
Macholdt, J., & Honermeier, B. (2016). Variety choice in crop production for climate change adaptation: farmer evidence from Germany. Outlook on Agriculture 45(2):117–123. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0030727016650770
Macholdt, J., & Honermeier B. (2017). Importance of variety choice: Adapting to climate change in organic and conventional farming systems in Germany. Outlook on Agriculture. 46(3):178-184. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0030727017722420
Markova-Ruzdik, N. (2015). Characterization of autumn forms of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from different geographical origins. Abstract of PhD Thesis, Goce Delchev University. http://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/13135/
Microsoft Excel-Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399
Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Republic of Bulgaria (2008). Ordinance No. 21 of 2007 on trade in cereal seed on the European Union market, State gasete №26/01.04.2022. Ordinance amending and supplementing Ordinance No. 21 of 2007 on trade in cereal seed on the European Union market (promulgated, SG No. 1 of 2008; amended, No. 49 of 2009, No. 38 of 2010, No. 40 of 2012, No. 74 of 2013, No. 58 of 2016, No. 25 of 2017, No. 6 and 30 of 2019, No. 57 of 2020 and No. 99 of 2021 (Bg). https://www.mzh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2022/06/09/naredba__21_ot_2007_g_za_trgoviia_na_zrneni_kulturi_na_pazara_na_es.docx
Ministry of Agriculture and Foods Industry (1977). Instruction for production of super-elite and elite seeds and planting material from field, vegetable and perennial crops, NPO "Cultivar seeds and planting material", direction "Cultivar maintenance", Sofia, 10–12 (Bg).
Muhova, A., & Stefanova-Dobreva, S. (2021). Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) grain quality under organic farming. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, 25 (1), 245-26 (Bg).
Rachovska, G., Uhr, Zl., Andonov, Bl., Kamishev, K., & Tosheva, Sv. (2012). Cultivars cereals crops, brochure. Agricultural academy, IPGR-Sadovo, 7 (Bg).
SAS Institute Inc. (2002). A Business unit of SAS 1989 – 2002, JMP version 5.0.1.
SPSS inc., IBM Corporation. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS 19).
Stanislavovna, K. N. (2017). Peculiarities of the formation of the qualities of winter soft wheat varieties in the conditions of the southern zone of the Rostov region. Abstract of Dissertation, Krasnodar, 1-26.
Stoyanov, Hr. (2018). Response of triticale (x Tritcosecale Wittm.) to abiotic stress. Abstract of Dissertation, General Toshevo, 1-33 (Bg).
Tshikunde, N. M., Mashilo, J., Shimelis, H. & Odindo, A. (2019). Agronomic and Physiological Traits, and Associated Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Affecting Yield Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review, Front. Plant Sci., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01428
Uhr, Zl., & Rachovska, G. (2016). New Gizda variety of winter common wheat. Phytologia Balcanica, Sofia, 22(2), 205-207.
Uhr, Zl. (2017). Ginra variety - a combination of high yield and resistance to yellow rust. In Jubilee scientific conference with international participation 135 years of science in Sadovo and 40 years of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources-Sadovo, 389-394.
Vulchev, D., & Vulcheva, D. (2019). Study on the influence of Panamin leaf fertilizer on plant development, resistance to abiotic stress, productivity and grain quality of wheat and barley. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences, 17(1), 151 -157.
World Metorological Organisation (2019). Global Climate in 2015-2019: Climate change accelerates.
Zanke, C., Ling, J., Plieske, J., Kollers, S., Ebmeyer, E., Korzun, V., Argillier, O., Stiewe, G., Hinze, M., Neumann, F., Eichhorn, A., Polley, A., Jaenecke, C., Ganal, M.W., & Röder, M. (2015). Analysis of main effect QTL for thousand-grain weight in European winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by genome-wide association mapping. Front. Plant Sci. 6:644, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00644
Zhou, H., Riche, A. B., Hawkesford, M. J., Whalley, W. R., Atkinson, B. S., Sturrock, C. J., & Mooney, S. J. (2021). Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging. Plant Methods 17 (26). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00726-5
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
