Physicochemical and fatty acid composition of spring canola seeds after treatment with biostimulants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/WAKU8204Keywords:
biostimulants, foliar treatment, canola seed, chemical composition, fatty acid profileAbstract
This study evaluates the effects of foliar application of newly developed natural biostimulants on the physicochemical composition and fatty acid profile of seeds of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus oleifera annua), hybrid “Lakritz”, grown under organic cultivation.
During 2 consecutive harvest years, in precise field trials conducted accordingly randomized block design at the Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science “Obraztsov Chiflik” – Ruse, the influence of 3 biostimulants with different characteristics applied in 2 doses was tested. Biostimulants were developed at the Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies – Sofia, based on vermicompost extract (HA), chitosan (Cs) and a humic complex containing a naturally identical growth regulator of auxin-type (HAR).
It has been established that the application of biostimulants in critical phenological phases leads to an increase in the content of crude proteins and crude fibers in the seeds. Treatment with Cs reduces the content of crude fats compared to the control group, while the influence of the humic extract and the humic complex was less pronounced in the first year. Crude fats increase in the second year of treatment when using the preparations HA 600, HAR 300 and HAR 600. The studied biostimulants improved the fatty acid composition of rapeseed seeds by reducing the total content of undesirable saturated fatty acids (Cs 300, Cs 600, HAR 300, and HAR 600) and erucic acid (Cs 600 and HAR 600), while increasing desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, thereby enhancing the health properties of rapeseed oil.
References
Ahmad, G., Jan, A., Arif, M., Jan, M. T. & Khattak, R. A. (2007). Infuence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) under rainfed conditions. J. Shejiang Univ. Sci. B., 8(10), 731 - 737. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.B0731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.B0731
Ahmad, W., Zia, M. H., Malhi, S. S., Niaz, A. & Saifullah, U. (2012). Boron defciency in soils and crops: A review. Crop Plant, 1, 77 - 114. https://doi.org/10.5772/36702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/36702
Anwar, M. M., Ali, S. E. & Nasr, E. H. (2015). Improving the nutritional value of canola seed by gamma irradiation. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 8(3), 328 - 333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.05.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.05.007
Barthet, V. J. & Daun, J. K. (2011). 5-Seed morphology, composition, and quality. In: Canola; Daun, J. K., Eskin, N. A. M., Hickling, D., Eds., AOCS Press: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 119 – 162. ISBN 978-0-9818936-5-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-9818936-5-5.50009-7
Bulgari, R., Franzoni, G. & Ferrante, A. (2019). Biostimulants application in horticultural Crops under abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy, 9(6), 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060306
Bligh, E.G. & Dyer, W. J. (1959).A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. J. Biochem. Physiol., 37, 911 – 917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/y59-099
Carré, P., Citeau, M., Robin, G. & Estorges, M. (2016). Hull content and chemical composition of whole seeds, hulls and germs in cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus). OCL, 23(3), A302. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016013
Chew, S. C. (2020). Cold-pressed rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil: Chemistry and functionality. Food Res. Int., 131, 108997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108997
Chew, S. C. (2020). Chapter 7 - cold pressed rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil. M.F. Ramadan (Ed.), Cold pressed oils. Academic Press, 65 - 80. 10.1016/B978-0-12-818188-1.00007-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818188-1.00007-4
Chwil, S. (2016). The effect of foliar feeding under different soil fertilization conditions on the yield structure and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). EJPAU, 19(3).
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) amending Regulation (EC) № 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for erucic acid in vegetable oils and fats and in foods containing vegetable oils and fats, Council of the European Union Brussels, 12 March 2014. (OR. En) 7650/14 DENLEG 65 AGRI 207.
FSANZ - Food Standards Australia New Zealand. (2003). Erucic acid in food: A toxicological review and risk assessment. Technical report series, No. 21, Page 4, paragraph 1. ISBN 0- 642-34526-0, ISSN 1448-3017.
Ghazani, S. M. & Marangoni, A. G. (2013). Minor components in canola oil and effects of refining on these constituents: A review. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 90(7), 923 - 932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2254-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2254-8
Goyal, A., Tanwar, B., Sihag, M. K., Kumar, V., Sharma, V. & Soni, S. (2021). Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica napus) Seed. In Oilseeds: Health Attributes and Food Applications; Tanwar, B., Goyal, A., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 47 - 71. ISBN 9789811541940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4194-0_2
Gugała, M., Sikorska, A., Zarzecka, K., Kapela, K. & Mystkowska, I. (2018). The effect of biostimulators on the content of crude oil and total protein in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 69(2), 121 - 125. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2018.1513063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2018.1513063
Guirrou, I., El Harrak, A., El Antari, A., Hssaini, L., Hanine, H., El Fechtali, M. & Nabloussi, A. (2023). Bioactive compounds assessment in six Moroccan rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties grown in two contrasting environments. Agronomy, 13(2), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020460
Hulan, H. W., Kramer, J. K., Mahadevan, S. & Sauer, F. D. (1976). Relationship between erucic acid and myocardial changes in male rats. Lipids, 11(1), 9 - 15. doi:10.1007/BF02532578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02532578
Jankowski, K. J., Sokólski, M., Dubis, B., Krzebietke, S., Żarczyński, P., Hulanicki, P. & Hulanicki, P. S. (2016). Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron. Agricultural and Food Science, 25(3), 164 - 176. https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.57413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.57413
Johnson, G. H., Keast, D. R. & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2007). Dietary modeling shows that the substitution of canola oil for fats commonly used in the united states would increase compliance with dietary recommendations for fatty acids. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 107, 1726 - 1734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.015
Kocira, S. (2019). Effect of amino acid biostimulant on the yield and nutraceutical potential of soybean. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 79(1), 17 - 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392019000100017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392019000100017
Kramer, J. K., Farnworth, E. R., Thompson, B. K., Corner, A. H. & Trenholm, H. L. (1982). Reduction of myocardial necrosis in male albino rats by manipulation of dietary fatty acid levels. Lipids, 17(5), 372 - 382. DOI: 10.1007/BF02535197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535197
Laurent, E. A., Lamaze, T., Grieu, P., Durieu, C. & Ahmed, N. (2018). Marine and fungal biostimulants (DPI4913 and AF086 Extracts) improve grain yield, plant nitrogen absorption and allocation to ear in durum wheat plants. 15. ESA Congress, Aug 2018, Genève, Switzerland, 180. hal-02735684.
Li, N., Qi, G., Sun, X. S., Stamm, M. J. & Wang, D. (2012). Physicochemical properties and adhesion performance of canola protein modified with sodium bisulfite. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 89(5), 897 - 908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1977-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1977-7
Malhi, S. S., Gan, Y. & Raney, J. P. (2006). Yield, seed quality, and sulfur uptake of Brassica oilseed crops in response to sulphur fertilization. Agron. J., 99(2), 570 - 577. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0269
McVetty, P. B. E. & Duncan, R. W. (2015). Canola, rapeseed and mustard: for biofuels and bioproducts. In Industrial crops: breeding for bioenergy and eioproducts; Cruz, V.M.V., Dierig, D.A., Eds.; Handbook of Plant Breeding; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 133 – 156. ISBN 978-1-4939-1447-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_7
Mohtashami, R., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Balouchi, H. & Faraji, H. (2020). Improving yield, oil content and water productivity of dryland canola by supplementary irrigation and selenium spraying. Agric. Water Manag, 232, 106046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106046
Neshev, N., Balabanova, D., Yanev, M., Mitkov, A., Tonev, T. & Vasilev, A. (2021). Study on biostimulant applica¬tion at oilseed rape damaged by simulated herbicide drift. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27(Suppl. 1), 155 - 160.
Nowak, R., Szczepanek, M., Błaszczyk, K., Kobus-Cisowska, J., Przybylska-Balcerek, A., Stuper-Szablewska, K., Pobereżny, J., Hassanpouraghdam, M. B. & Rasouli, F. (2023). Impact of the farming system and amino-acid biostimulants on the content of carotenoids, fatty acids, and polyphenols in alternative and common barley genotypes. Agronomy, 13(7), 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071852
Orsavova, J., Misurcova, L., Vavra Ambrozova, J., Vicha, R. & Mlcek, J. (2015). Fatty acids composition of vegetable oils and its contribution to dietary energy intake and dependence of cardiovascular mortality on dietary intake of fatty acids. Int. J. Mol.Sci., 16(6), 12871 - 12890. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612871. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612871
Osvalde, A., Karlsons, A., Cekstere, G., Āboliņa, L. & Malecka, S. (2024). Foliar application of commercial humic substances for possible increase of nutrient status and yield of oilseed rape. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 22(1), 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.01. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.01
Petrie, J. R., Zhou, X.-R., Leonforte, A., McAllister, J., Shrestha, P., Kennedy, Y., Belide, S., Buzza, G., Gororo, N. & Gao, W. (2020). Development of a Brassica napus (Canola) crop containing fish oil-like levels of DHA in the seed oil. Front. Plant Sci. 2020, 11, 727. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00727
Petrova, I., Ivanova, S., Stoyanova, S., Mincheva, R. & Pavlova, M. (2023). Influence of Biostimulants and Humic Extracts Treatment on the Fatty Acid Profile of the Spring Oilseed Rape Variety. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 15(1), 52 - 59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.01.006
Rastogi, T, Reddy, K. S., Vaz, M., Spiegelman, D., Prabhakaran, D., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J. & Ascherio, A. (2004). Diet and risk of ischemic heart disease in India. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(4), 582 - 592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.4.582
Russo, M., Yan, F., Stier, A., Klasen, L. & Honermeier, B. (2021). Erucic acid concentration of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oils on the German food retail market. Food Science and Nutrition, 9(7), 3664 - 3672. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2327
Sey, A. A., Pham, T.H., Kavanagh, V., Kaur, S., Cheema, M., Galagedara, L. & Thomas, R. (2020). Canola Produced under Boreal Climatic Conditions in Newfoundland and Labrador Have a Unique Lipid Composition and Expeller Press Extraction Retained the Composition for Commercial Use. J. Adv. Res., 24, 423 - 434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.002
Shanin, Y. (1977). Methodology of Polish Experience. In: Block Method. Zemizdat, Sofia, 65 - 73 (Bg).
Sikorska, A., Gugała, M. & Zarzecka, K. (2021). The response of different kinds of rapeseed cultivars to foliar application of nitrogen, sulphur and boron. Sci Rep., 11(1), 21102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00639-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00639-2
Spasibionek, S., Mikołajczyk, K., Ćwiek–Kupczyńska, H., Piętka, T., Krótka, K., Matuszczak, M., Nowakowska, J., Michalski, K. & Bartkowiak-Broda, I. (2020). Marker assisted selection of new high oleic and low linolenic winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) inbred lines revealing good agricultural value. PLoS ONE, 15, e0233959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233959
Szczepanek, M. & Siwik-Ziomek, A. (2019). P and K accumulation by rapeseed as affected by biostimulant under different NPK and S fertilization doses. Agronomy, 9(9), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090477
Ulbricht, T. L. & Southgate, D.A. (1991). Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet, 338, 985 - 992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-M
Wildt, D. J. & Speijers, G. J. (1984). Influence of dietary rapeseed oil and erucic acid upon myocardial performance and hemodynamics in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 74(1), 99 - 108. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(84)90275-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(84)90275-8
Zhang, X., Yin, J., Ma, Y., Peng, Y., Fenton, O. & Wang, W. (2024). Unlocking the potential of biostimulants derived from organic waste and by-product sources: improving plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses in agriculture. Environ. Technol. Innov., 34(2024), Article 103571. 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103571
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
