Investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among agriculture university students in economically disadvantaged regions of Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/pr1kxc65Keywords:
intentions, entrepreneurship, theory of planned behavior, poverty alleviation, youth entrepreneurship, agricultural studentsAbstract
Considering the consistent reliance of Sumatra Island on agricultural sector, coupled with high poverty rate, the development of agriculture-based entrepreneurship by the younger generation is expected to alleviate poverty. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among agricultural university students in the impoverished regions of Sumatra, specifically in the provinces of Aceh and Bengkulu, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. The data were collected from 165 agricultural students in Aceh and Bengkulu, through an online survey between March and April 2020. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses and the conceptual framework developed. The results showed that perceived behavior control (PBC) had a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions, while subjective norm (SN) and Attitude Toward Behavior (ATB) did not have a significant impact. In this study, the implication was that individuals with higher behavior control over entrepreneurial behavior, tended to develop stronger intentions to become entrepreneurs. Analyzing and understanding the role of perceived behavior control in shaping entrepreneurial intentions could help inform strategies to foster entrepreneurial mindset and encourage entrepreneurship among individuals. These results provided recommendations to help enhance entrepreneurial intentions among agricultural students.
References
Abbas, L. N. & Md Khair, S. N. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention among special needs students. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 25(May), 57 - 66.
Aga, M. K. (2023). The mediating role of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00297-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00297-w
Ahmed, H. M. S. & Ahmed, Y. A. (2021). Constraints of youth entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 11(1), 337 - 346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-021-00292-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-021-00292-z
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179 - 211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. In: Psychology and Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Akram, U., Safia, A., Frimpong, A. N. K. & Chai, J. (2019). The impact of social media characteristics on e-commerce use behaviour among youth in developing countries. International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 11(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijiscm.2019.10026376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISCM.2019.104629
Ambad, S. N. A. & Damit, D. H. D. A. (2016). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30100-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30100-9
Angélique, N. C., Stany, V., Lebailly, P. & Azadi, H. (2022). Agricultural Development in the Fight against Poverty: The Case of South Kivu, DR Congo. Land, 11(4), 1 - 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040472
Anjum, T., Amoozegar, A., Farrukh, M. & Heidler, P. (2023). Entrepreneurial intentions among business students: the mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of university support. Education and Training, 65(4), 587 - 606. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2021-0020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2021-0020
Arango-Botero, D., Arias, M. L. B., Montoya, M. H. & Valencia-Arias, A. (2020). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among engineering students based on structural equation modeling. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), 2623 - 2644. https://doi.org/10.47836/PJSSH.28.4.08. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.28.4.08
Aries, A., Vional, V., Saraswati, L. A., Wijaya, L. & Ikhsan, R. B. (2020). Gamification in learning process and its impact on entrepreneurial intention. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 763 - 768. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.021
Ayudya, A. C. & Wibowo, A. (2018). The Intention to Use E-Money using Theory of Planned Behavior and Locus of Control. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(2), 335 - 349. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2.1691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2.1691
Azwar, B. (2013). Analysis of Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study of Students at the State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau (UIN SUSKA Riau. Jurnal Menara, 2(1), 12 - 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/menara.v12i1.407.
Baharuddin, G. & Rahman, A. A. (2021). What is the most effective antecedent for developing entrepreneurial intention among muslim youth in Indonesia? Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 9(1), 75 - 88. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2021.090105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2021.090105
Bouichou, E. H., Abdoulaye, T., Allali, K., Bouayad, A. & Fadlaoui, A. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention among rural youth in Moroccan agricultural cooperatives: The future of rural entrepreneurship. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(16), 1 - 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169247
BPS. (2005). The labor force situation in Indonesia, February 2005. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2005/05/15/d5552564f92c1ae5d14b125b/keadaan-angkatan-kerja-di-indonesia-februari-2005.html.
BPS. (2023). The labor force situation in Indonesia, Agustus 2023. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/08/1b09be03a0951907a562f755/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-agustus-2023.html.
Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Thompson, L. A. & Lieberman, H. R. (2019). Fatigue and its management in the workplace. In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 96, 272 - 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024
Cera, E. & Furxhiu, N. (2017). Factors which influence students enterpreneurship intentions: The role of education programs, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 7(1), 173 - 179. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n1p173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n1p173
Doanh, D. C. (2021). The moderating role of self-efficacy on the cognitive process of entrepreneurship: An empirical study in Vietnam. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 17(1), 147 - 174. https://doi.org/10.7341/20211715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7341/20211715
Fayolle, A. & Gailly, B. (2015). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Intention: Hysteresis and Persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75 - 93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
Fernandes, T., Proença, J. & Rambocas, M. (2013). Evaluating the impact of customer demographical characteristics on relationship outcomes. Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference. IBIMA 2013, 3, 649 - 660. https://doi.org/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143386934.pdf.
Godin, G. & Kok, G. (1996). The Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review of its Applications to Health-Related Behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87 - 98. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87
Goldsby, M., Bishop, J., Goldsby, E., Neck, C. B. & Neck, C. P. (2021). The impact of self-management practices on entrepreneurial psychological states. Administrative Sciences, 11(1), 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010012
Handaru, A. W., Parimita, W. & Mufdhalifah, I. W. (2015). Membangun intensi berwirausaha melalui adversity quotient, self efficacy, dan need for achievement. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan (Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship), 17(2), 165 - 176. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.17.2.165-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.17.2.165-176
Harudin, K., Fattah, N. & Ahman, E. (2016). The effectiveness of enterpreneurship learning in developing students’ entrepreneurial intentions. 1st Global Conference on Business, Management and Entreupreuneurship (GCBME-16), 15, 717 - 722. https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/gcbme-16.2016.135
Igbaria, M., Zinatelli, N., Cragg, P. & Cavaye, A. L. M. (1997). Personal computing acceptance factors in small firms: A structural equation model. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.2307/249498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/249498
Indarti, N. (2008). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students: a comparative study between Indonesia, Japan, and Norway. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis Indonesia.), 23(4), 369 - 384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.6316.
Joensuu-Salo, S., Viljamaa, A. & Varamäki, E. (2022). Sustainable entrepreneurs of the future: The interplay between educational context, sustainable entrepreneurship competence, and entrepreneurial intentions. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010023
Kallab, T. El & Salloum, C. (2017). Educational attainment, financial support and job creation across Lebanese social entrepreneurships. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2017-0087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2017-0087
Kasih, Y. (2013). Realizing entrepreneurial education in higher education through a sustainable learning process. Conference paper presented at the Forum Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan: Jurnal Ilmiah STIE MDP. Retrieved from https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170968553.
Khanna, R. C., Cicinelli, M. V., Gilbert, S. S., Honavar, S. G. & Murthy, G. V. S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and future directions. In: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(5), 703 - 710. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_843_20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_843_20
Kim-Soon, N., Ahmad, A. R. & Ibrahim, N. N. (2016). Theory of planned bohavior: Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention at a Public University. Journal of Entrepreneurship: Research & Practice, 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.5171/2016.792385.
Kotler, P. & Amstrong, G. (2012). Marketing management: Principles of marketing management (Millennium Edition, 1). Jakarta: Erlangga. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/425529173/buku-prinsip-prinsip-pemasaran-philip-kotler-gary-armstrong-jilid-1-edisi-12-pdf.
Kurniawan, M. E. H., Yudoko, G., Basri, M. H. & Umbara, A. N. (2019). Do entrepreneurship students have an intention to become an entrepreneur? Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(2), 1-14. Retrived from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/do-entrepreneurship-students-have-an-intention-to-become-an-entrepreneur-7969.html.
Lediana, E., Perdana, T., Deliana, Y. & Sendjaja, T. P. (2023). Sustainable entrepreneurial intention of youth for agriculture start-Up: An integrated model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3), 1 - 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032326
Lingappa, A. K., Shah, A. & Mathew, A. O. (2020). Academic, family, and peer influence on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. SAGE Open, 10(3), 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020933877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020933877
Lopes, J. M., Suchek, N. & Gomes, S. (2023). The antecedents of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions: An exploratory study of Angolan higher education students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 391(January), 1 - 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136236
Lorz, M. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Management, Accounting & Economics, 53(1), 73 - 93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065.
Magagula, B. & Tsvakirai, C. Z. (2020). Youth perceptions of agriculture: influence of cognitive processes on participation in agripreneurship. Development in Practice, 30(2), 234 - 243. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1670138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1670138
Mahmood, T. M. A. T., Al Mamun, A., Bin Ahmad, G. & Ibrahim, M. D. (2019). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions and pre-start-up behaviour among Asnaf millennials. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(18), 1 - 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184939
Masri, N., Abdullah, A., Asimiran, S. & Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2021). Relationship between engagement in learning entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among vocational college students. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29, 19 - 38. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.s1.02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.s1.02
Maulu, S., Hasimuna, O. J., Mutale, B., Mphande, J. & Siankwilimba, E. (2021). Enhancing the role of rural agricultural extension programs in poverty alleviation: A review. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 7(1), 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1886663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1886663
Mensah, I. K., Zeng, G., Luo, C., Xiao, Z. & Lu, M. (2021). Exploring the predictors of Chinese college students’ entrepreneurial intention. SAGE Open, 11(3), 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029941
Mmbengwa, V. M., Qin, X. & Nkobi, V. (2021). Determinants of youth entrepreneurial success in agribusiness sector: the case of Vhembe district municipality of South Africa. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1982235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1982235
Modi, R. (2019). The role of agriculture for food security and reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: T. M. Shaw, Laura C. Mahrenbach, R. Modi, & X. Yi-chong (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary International Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45443-0.
Muhammad, A. D., Aliyu, S. & Ahmed, S. (2015). Entreprenuerial intention among nigerian university students. American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 8(4), 239. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v8i4.9419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v8i4.9419
Mulema, J., Mugambi, I., Kansiime, M., Chan, H. T., Chimalizeni, M., Pham, T. X. & Oduor, G. (2021). Barriers and opportunities for the youth engagement in agribusiness: empirical evidence from Zambia and Vietnam. Development in Practice, 31(5), 690 - 706. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1911949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1911949
Nainggolan, L. B. & Rommel, J. (2023). An experiment on the link between risk preferences and the willingness to become a farmer. Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 2(4), 686 - 702. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.85
Naminse, E. Y., Zhuang, J. & Zhu, F. (2019). The relation between entrepreneurship and rural poverty alleviation in China. Management Decision, 57(9), 2593 - 2611. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2017-1153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2017-1153
Ngadi, N., Zaelany, A. A., Latifa, A., Harfina, D., Asiati, D., Setiawan, B., Ibnu, F., Triyono, T. & Rajagukguk, Z. (2023). Challenge of agriculture development in indonesia: rural youth mobility and aging workers in agriculture sector. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2), 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020922
Nguyen, Q. A., Hens, L., MacAlister, C., Johnson, L., Lebel, B., Tan, S. B., Nguyen, H. M., Nguyen, T. N. & Lebel, L. (2018). Theory of reasoned action as a framework for communicating climate risk: A case study of schoolchildren in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(6), 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062019
Ninson, J. & Brobbey, M. K. (2023). Review on engaging the youth in agribusiness. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2193480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2193480
Novanda, R. R. (2020). The influence of subjective norms on agricultural entrepreneurship intention among agriculture students in Aceh. AgriHumanis: Journal of Agriculture and Human Resource Development Studies, 1(1), 28 - 35.https://doi.org/10.46575/agrihumanis.v1i1.57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46575/agrihumanis.v1i1.57
Novanda, R. R., Khaliqi, M., Jamil, A. S. & Bakhtiar, A. (2020). Factors affects agricultural entrepreneurial intention of agribusiness students. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 454(1), 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012038
Osei, C. D. & Zhuang, J. (2020). Rural poverty alleviation strategies and social capital link: The mediation role of women entrepreneurship and social innovation. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925504
Ouko, K. O., Ogola, J. R. O., Ng’on’ga, C. A. & Wairimu, J. R. (2022). Youth involvement in agripreneurship as Nexus for poverty reduction and rural employment in Kenya. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 1 - 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2078527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2078527
Paulina, I. & Wardoyo. (2013). Supporting factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among university students. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 3(1), 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v3i1.2454.
Pawitan, G., Widyarini, M. & Nawangpalupi, C. B. (2018). Moderating effect of demographic factors and entrepreneurial phase on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and innovation of ASEAN entrepreneurs. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(August), 151 - 166.
Ridha, R. N. & Wahyu, B. P. (2017). Entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sector of young generation in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 76 - 89. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2017-022.
Ridha, R. N., Burhanuddin, B. & Wahyu, B. P. (2017). Entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sector of young generation in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 76 - 89. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-04-2017-022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-04-2017-022
Rigg, J., Phongsiri, M., Promphakping, B., Salamanca, A. & Sripun, M. (2020). Who will tend the farm? Interrogating the ageing Asian farmer. Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(2), 306 - 325. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1572605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1572605
Rizzo, T. L. & Columna, L. (2020). Theory of planned behavior. In Routledge Handbook of Adapted Physical Education, 326 - 346. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052675-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052675-25
Sahharon, H., Abdullah, H., D’Silva, J. L., Ahmad, A. & Ismail, I. A. (2019). Well-being among social entrepreneurs in Malaysia: A theoretical domains framework. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27(S1), 253 - 266.
Samah, B. A., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J. & Salleh Hassan, M. (2018). Predictors of entrepreneurial intention among youths in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(T), 19 - 30.
Schmidt, P. & Tatarko. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention and values: results from a Russian population survey. Psychology, Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 13(2), 240 - 255. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2016-2-240-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2016-2-240-255
Seun, A. O. & Kalsom, A. W. (2015). New venture creation determinant factors of social muslimpreneurs. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 23(June), 17 - 32. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/.
Shcherban, T., Terletska, Y., Resler, M., Ostapiuk, N. & Morhun, A. (2022). Empathic features of conducting negotiations in an entrepreneurial environment. Review of Economics and Finance, 20(1), 406 - 416. https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2022.20.48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2022.20.48
Shiri, N., Mohammadi, D. & Mahmoud Hosseini, S. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students: effects of role model, social support, social norms and perceived desirability. Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 4(2), 892 - 897.
Sondari, M. C. (2014). Is entrepreneurship education really needed?: examining the antecedent of entrepreneurial career intention. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 44 - 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.414
Su, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, J., Jin, Y., Wang, T., Lin, C.-L. & Xu, D. (2021). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention of university students in China: Integrating the perceived university support and theory of planned behavior. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(8), 1 - 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084519
Sun, Z. & Theussen, A. (2023). Assessing negotiation skill and its development in an online collaborative simulation game: A social network analysis study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(1), 222 - 246. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13263
Susihono, W. (2014). Assessment of employee work boredom as a basis for evaluating performance in task, organizational, and corporate environmental aspects: A case study in the Tangerang–Banten industrial area [Paper presentation]. Simposium Nasional RAPI XIII, Surakarta. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11617/5513.
Susilaningsih, S. (2015). Entrepreneurship education in higher education: Is it important for all professions? Jurnal Economia. Jurnal Economia, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v11i1.7748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v11i1.7748
Tindiwensi, C. K., Kabahinda, E., Aikiriza, F. & Aarakit, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial farming among youth agripreneurs in Uganda. SN Business & Economics, 3(7), 1 - 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-023-00500-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-023-00500-w
To, A. T. & Le, T. N. T. (2021). Institutional and psychological barriers to entrepreneurial intention of vietnamese youth. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 24(1), 428 - 440. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2021.24.1.25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2021.24.1.25
Tsordia, C. & Papadimitriou, D. (2015). The role of theory of planned behavior on entrepreneurial intention of greek business students. International Journal of Synergy and Research, 4(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.17951/ijsr.2015.4.1.23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/ijsr.2015.4.1.23
Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T. & Botsaris, C. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1 - 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0112-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0112-0
Wazni, K. & Muliadi, A. (2023). Correlation of self efficacy with entrepreneurial attitudes of science teacher candidates. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 11(3), 899 - 907. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i3.8557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i3.8557
Widiyanti, E., Cahyadin, M., Padmaningrum, D., Suminah, S. & Utari, P. (2023). Tracing Farmers’ Entrepreneurship and Communication Skills Using a Bibliometric Approach. AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 9(2), 278 - 298. https://doi.org/10.18196/agraris.v9i2.233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/agraris.v9i2.233
Wijaya, T., Nurhadi, N. & Kuncoro, A. M. (2015). Entrepreneurial intention among university students: A risk-taking perspective. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 19(2), 109 - 123. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol19.iss2.art2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol19.iss2.art2
Wijerathna, R. M. S., Wickramasuriya, H. V. A. & Marambe, B. (2015). Factors predicting the intention of academics of faculties of agriculture in the state universities in Sri Lanka to engage in outreach activities. Tropical Agricultural Research, 26(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v26i2.8092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v26i2.8092
Wu, S. & Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), 752 - 774. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843
Xu, F., Kellermanns, F. W. & Jin, L. (2022). Between-and within-person consequences of daily entrepreneurial stressors on discrete emotions in entrepreneurs: The moderating role of personality. Stress and Health, 38(3), 568 - 580. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3118
Yuan, C. H., Wang, D., Mao, C. & Wu, F. (2020). An empirical comparison of graduate entrepreneurs and graduate employees based on graduate entrepreneurship education and career development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(24), 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410563
Zainalaludin, Z. (2012). Scaling up rural micro enterprises: Profiles of owners in Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(4), 1049 - 1064.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
