DNA TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETECTION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN ANIMAL GENOME
Keywords:
single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA technologies, animal genomeAbstract
During the last decade, the use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphisms at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in animal genetics studies. At present, the microsatellites DNA markers have been the most widely used in the characterization of livestock genetic resources, due to their high degree of information provided by large number of alleles per locus. Despite this, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as a new marker type, is now in the focus and have gained high popularity, even though it is only a bi-allelic type of marker. In comparison with other markers they represent one of the more precise approaches in the genotyping, because they are abundant in the animal genome, genetically stable and amenable to high- throughput analysis. The technologies for detection of SNP are used to scan for new polymorphisms and to determine the allele(s) of a known polymorphism in target DNA sequences of the animal genome. SNP discovery relies mostly on direct DNA sequencing or on denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC). In recent years, the number of SNPs genotyping methods has exploded and currently are available many accurate methods.
The present review is a brief account of various techniques for detection of single polymorphisms at the DNA level and their applications in animal genetics improvements.
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