Contamination with Aflatoxins and Fumonisins of some raw feed materials in Bulgaria
Keywords:
mycotoxins, maize, sunflower, beansAbstract
Mycotoxins are naturally occurred contaminants. They can enter the human and animal dietary
system by direct or indirect contamination.
Aflatoxins and fumonisins are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. Aspergillus flavus is common and widespread
in nature and is most often found when certain grains are grown under stressful conditions such as
draught. Several Fusarium species are important pathogens of cereals and corn, causing severe crop
yield reduction. To determine whether these mycotoxins exist on maize, sunflower and beans under
natural conditions, 30 samples originated from different regions of Bulgaria, harvest 2017 were investigated by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among of the investigated maize samples
20% were contaminated with aflatoxins in the range 2.73–5.74 µg kg-1, in 20% of sunflower samples
the contamination was in the range 8.23–14.49 µg kg-1 and aflatoxins contamination of beans samples
was 40% with concentration 3–15.99 µg kg-1. Fumonisins pollution was registered in 60% of maize
samples in the range 1.06–4.67 mg kg-1, in half of examined sunflower samples it was in the range
1.06–2.07 mg kg-1and in beans samples we did not detect any contamination of this mycotoxin. The
obtained results are lower than the limit set in the EC Regulation 1126/2007. An exception was found
in one maize sample where the value for fumonisins was a little up of the referred one.
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