Study of the impact of continuous mineral fertilization on the technological and sowing qualities of seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/HZVD1362Keywords:
mineral fertilization, technological properties of the seeds, germination properties of the seedsAbstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of different long-term mineral fertilization treatments on seed technological and germination properties. The research was conducted during the period 2019–2022 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science (IASS) “Obraztsov chiflik” on Luvic Chernozem soil, within the 16th rotation of a long-term fertilizer experiment established in a four-field crop rotation (wheat, barley, beans, and corn).
Seven fertilization treatments were tested, including single and combined applications of the three macronutrients (N, P, and K), as well as an unfertilized control (N0P0K0). Nitrogen was applied at different rates depending on the crop: 150 kg ha⁻¹ a.s. (active substance) for wheat and corn, 100 kg ha⁻¹ a.s. for barley, and 50 kg ha⁻¹ a.s. for beans. Phosphorus (P₂O₅) was applied at 120 kg ha⁻¹ a.s., and potassium (K₂O) at 70 kg ha⁻¹ a.s. for all crops in the rotation.
The highest hectoliter weight in wheat was recorded in the P and PK treatments. For beans and barley, the highest values of 1000-seed weight were observed in the N, NP, NPK, and NK treatments. In contrast to hectoliter weight, gluten content in wheat was strongly influenced by nitrogen fertilization and increased in the N, NP, NPK, and NK treatments. Seeds of wheat, barley, and beans grown under combined fertilization (NPK and NP) showed the highest germination rates. The lowest germination rates were recorded in the treatments with single phosphorus or potassium fertilization, as well as in the unfertilized control.
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