Effect of various enhancers on the bioavailability of heavy metals and their accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Keywords:
contaminated soil, heavy metals, risk assessment, food safetyAbstract
A vegetation experiment was carried out. Various ameliorants (manure water extract, modified zeolite, mineral fertilizers, mineral fertilizers plus straw or mineral fertilizers plus natural zeolite) applied to contaminated soil from the area of Kremikovtzi steel plant on lettuce growth were tested. Ameliorants have a specific effect on the changes of soil toxicity. It was found that although in low concentrations, cadmium has the maximum negative impact on the sanitary qualities of the lettuce biomass. It was confirmed high mobility of cadmium ions and their easy migration into the aboveground parts. This explains the lack of positive effect from the application of various ameliorants. The uniform content of cadmium in the aboveground part is also impressive. The results of metal extraction with EDTA show a high degree (twice) of extraction of all elements in the variants with mineral fertilizers and straw or zeolite. BCR sequential distributed of the order of bioavailability Cd> Zn> Cu> Pb, as the most mobile and accessible element for plants is cadmium. These effects are not duplicated in the recalculation of heavy metal exports in plant biomass, where the yield obtained has a significant impact. It is highest in the variants with application of mineral fertilizers and especially in the application of mineral fertilizers plus straw.
References
Bacon, J. R., & Dinev, N. S. (2005). Isotopic characterisation of lead in contaminated soils from the vicinity of a non-ferrous metal smelter near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Environmental Pollution, 134(2), 247-255.
Basta, N., & Gradwohl, R. (2000). Estimation of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils by a sequential extraction procedure. Journal of Soil contamination, 9(2), 149-164.
Dinev, N. (2012). Ecological monitoring and remediation strategies at heavy metal pollluted soils. Dissertation for the award of an academic position “Doctor of Sciences” Agricultural academy, Sofia.
Dinev, N., Stanislavova, L., Filcheva, E., & Bojinova, P. (2000). Phytoremediation Potential of Species from Brassicaceae and Salvia sclarea for Zinc, Cadmium and Lead Contaminated Soils. In: Contaminated Land Problems in Central and Eastern Europe, Katowice, January 18-19.
Li, J., Lu, Y., Shim, H., Deng, X., Lian, J., Jia, Z., & Li, J. (2010). Use of the BCR sequential extraction procedure for the study of metal availability to plants. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 12(2), 466-471.
Lee, S. H., Park, H., Koo, N., Hyun, S., & Hwang, A. (2011). Evaluation of the effectiveness of various amendments on trace metals stabilization by chemical and biological methods. Journal of hazardous materials, 188(1-3), 44-51.
Schulin, R., Keller, A., Daskalova, A., Mondeshka, M., Dinev, N., Koutev, V., & Todorova, I. (2004). Geostatistical soil quality assessment and regional mass flux analysis for sustainable land use planning and management. ETH Zurich.
Schulin, R., Curchod, F., Mondeshka, M., Daskalova,A., & Keller, A. (2007). Heavy metal contamination along a soil transect in the vicinity of the iron smelter of Kremikovtzi (Bulgaria). Geoderma, 140(1-2), 52-61.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G., & Bisson, M. J. A. C. (1979). Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical chemistry, 51(7), 844-851.
Turull, M., Fontàs, C., & Díez, S. (2021). Effect of different amendments on trace metal bioavailability in agricultural soils and metal uptake on lettuce evaluated by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 21, 101319.
Ure, A. M. (1996). Single extraction schemes for soil analysis and related applications. Science of the Total Environment, 178(1-3), 3-10.
Ure, A. M., Quevauviller, P. H., Muntau, H., & Griepink, B. (1993). Speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments. An account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 51(1-4), 135-151.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
