Changes in main agrochemical soil parameters as a result of factors from the agro-technical complex within the three-field field crop rotation
Keywords:
crop rotation, tillage, macronutrients, humus, pH, wheat and triticale, maizeAbstract
The aim of presented experiments was to monitor the changes in some main agrochemical soil parameters as a result of factors from the crops agrotechnical complex. The influence of two increasing fertilizer norms and a non-fertilization control variant and two tillage systems (conventional and minimum) during the three-field crop rotation (wheat/triticale-maize-triticale/wheat) under non-irrigation conditions were studied. It was found that the applied mineral fertilization mainly influence on the content of sum of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. The content of mobile phosphorus shows a slight increase, but the studied soil remains poorly stocked with this macronutrient. The content of available potassium is in a satisfactory reserve in both crop rotations. The reaction of the soil solution (pH) remains slightly acid, despite that the experimental area have been used for a long period for field research with intensive agricultural techniques. The organic matter content remains good due to the predominant humification processes over mineralization in the decomposition of residual plant residues in the soil after harvesting the main products from cultivated crops under non-irrigated conditions in the region of Haplic Vertisol in West Bulgaria. Increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer norm by about 20% at T2 norm compared to T1 (from 120 to 140 kg/ha for nitrogen and from 80 to 100 kg/ha for phosphorus) does not lead to significantly higher yields in the three crops. The different variants for soil tillage systems do not affect the values of mineral nitrogen. Higher phosphorus content was observed in the variants with O2 tillage (discing) compared to the applied O1 tillage (plowing). For the study period there is no significant difference in the availability of digestible potassium between fertilized and non-fertilized variants. The reported differences between two methods of soil tillage (regardless of the rate of fertilization) are insignificant with inconsistent characteristics.
References
Archiv IP „ N. Pushkarov”. (1982). Model for agrochemical service (Bg).
Belay, A., Claassens, A., & Wehner, F. C. (2002). Effect of direct nitrogen and potassium and residual phosphorus fertilizers on soil chemical properties, microbial components and maize yield under long-term crop rotation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35(6), 420-427.
Bremner, J. M. (1965). Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen. In: Black C. A. et al., /Eds./. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Agronomy Monograph No. 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, 1179-1237.
Bruce, W. B., Edmeades, G. O., & Barker, T. C. (2002). Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance. Journal of experimental botany, 53(366), 13-25.
Cassman, K. G. (1999). Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(11), 5952-5959.
Đekić, V., Milovanović, M., Popović, V., Milivojević, J., Staletić, M., Jelić, M., & Perišić, V. (2014). Effects of fertilization on yield and grain quality in winter triticale. Romanian Agricultural Research, 31, 175-183.
FAO (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 2014. FAO, Rome. 203. http://www.fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf (last accessed 01.03.2022)
Ivanov, P. (1984). New acetate-lactate method for determination of available forms of P and K in soil. Soil Science and Agrochemistry, 19(4), 88-98 (Bg).
Koinov, V. (1987). Correlation between the soils of Bulgaria and the soils distinguished by the major soil classification systems in the world. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Plant Protection, 22(5), 5-13 (Bg)
Kononova, M. M. (1963). Soil organic matter. Its nature, properties and methods of study. M., АN SSSR, 314 (Ru).
Marijanović, M., Markulj, A., Tkalec, M., Jozić, A., & Kovačević, V. (2010). Impact of precipitation and temperature on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in eastern Croatia. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, 15(30), 117-123.
Miao, Y., Stewart, B. A., & Zhang, F. (2011). Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 31(2), 397-414 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930463/file/hal-00930463.pdf (last accessed 01.03.2022).
Mitova, T., Stojnev, K., & Dimitrov, I. (1999). Methodological procedure for assessment of soil tillage systems in sustainable agriculture. Soil Science Agrochemistry and Ecology, 6, 171-175. (Bg).
Modhej, A., Naderi, A., Emam, Y., Ayneband, A., & Normohamadi, G. (2008). Effects of post-anthesis heat stress and nitrogen levels on grain yield and grain growth of wheat (T. durum and T. aestivum) genotypes. Int. J. Plant Production, 2, 257 – 267.
Moraditochaee, M., Motamed, M. K., Azarpour, E., Danesh, R. K., & Bozorgi, H. R. (2012). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density management in corn farming. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(2), 133-137.
Hoque, M. M., Ajwa, H., Othman, M., Smith, R., & Cahn, M. (2010). Yield and postharvest quality of lettuce in response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. HortScience, 45(10), 1539-1544.
Nenov, M., Dimitrov, I., Nikolova, D.,Toncheva, R., & Stratieva, S. (2015). Fertility of Haplic Vertisols (WRBSR, 2006) Depending on the Applied Agrotechnical Complex. In: International Conference Soil and Agrotechnology in a Changing World - 11-15 May 2015, Sofia (Bg).
Onasanya, R. O., Aiyelari, O. P., Onasanya, A., Oikeh, S., Nwilene, F. E., & Oyelakin, O. O. (2009). Growth and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in southern Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(4), 400-407.
Petkova, Z., & Damqnova-Kirilova, I. (2003). Use of wheat by plant residues with different C: N ratio. Ecology and Future, 1, 45-49 (Bg).
Rajičić, V., Popović, V., Perišić, V., Biberdžić, M., Jovović, Z., Gudžić, N., ... & Terzić, D. (2020). Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on grain yield in winter triticale grown on degraded Vertisol. Agronomy, 10(6), 757.
Stanchev, A & Valchovski, I. (2011). Agrochemical service in help of farming.In: International conference 100 years Bulgarian soil science, 16-20 May 2011, Sofia. Part 2, p 649-653 (Bg).
Toncheva, R. (2016). Investigation the Productivity of Maize in Different Agroecological Conditions, Fertilization and Plant Density I. Non-Irrigated Conditions. Soil Science Agrochemisty and Ecology, 50(2), 50-59 (Bg).
Tosheva, E., Petkova, Z., & Valchovski, I. (2009). Effect of fertilization of wheat grown on the leached smolnitza. Proceeding Seminar of Ecology, Sofia, 267-272 (Bg).
Traykov, N., Toncheva, R., & Dimitrov, I. (2017). Comparative assessment of the productivity of wheat, grown at different soil and climatic conditions. Soil Science Agrochemisty and Ecology, 51(1), 25-32 (Bg).
Tsenov, N., & Atanasova, D. (2013). Influence of environments on the amount and stability of grain yield in modern winter wheat cultivars I. Interaction and degree of variability. Agricultural Science & Technology, 5(2), 153-159 (Bg).
Valchovski, I., & Petkova, Z. (2003). Influence of some agrotechnical factors on the productivity of the main field crops grown on Leached chernozem. In: International Scientific Conference “50 Years of the University of Forestry”, 1-2 April 2003, Sofia, 9-13 (Bg).
Wójcik-Gront, E., & Studnicki, M. (2021). Long-term yield variability of triticale (× triticosecale wittmack) tested using a cart model. Agriculture, 11(2), 92. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ agriculture1102009 (last accessed 01.03.2022).
Zarkov, B. (2001). Effects of weather conditions on the yield of maize grain grown under non-ipolive conditions. Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 38(5-6), 208-212 (Вg).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
