Heterosis breeding in sunflower. Manifestation of heterosis in the traits yield and weight of 1000 seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/JNSC4954Keywords:
combinatory ability; sunflowe; heterosis; heterosis breedingAbstract
The main breeding methods are selection, hybridization and experimental mutagenesis. Through them, the variability of plants (the changed heredity, determining useful economic traits) is guided by the breeder in the desired selection direction. In cross-pollinated plants such as sunflower, the widely used method for genetic improvement is hybridization and subsequent manipulation of the disintegrating hybrid generations. The obtained interesting materials can be included in the creation of a new heterosis (hybrid) variety. Some features of heterosis and combinative selection in sunflower have been monitored, analyzing the combinative ability of the parental forms and the presence of heterosis in the first hybrid generation for the traits yield and weight of 1000 seeds. For this purpose, an evaluation of forms obtained from intraspecific and interspecific hybridization was made. In the experiment with distant hybridization, the difficulty is obtaining seeds from the cross between cultivated and wild sunflower, while the problem in the cross between two lines is their uniformity (homozygous genotype and homogeneous material). The heterozygosity of the parents in heterosis selection, unlike combinatorial selection, leads to the appearance of undesirable traits such as branching and sterility in the F1 generation.
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