Biological manifestations of three apple cultivars and degree of attack by apple scab and powdery mildew
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/OBJS5429Keywords:
yield; flowering; Venturia inaequalis; Podosphaera leucotricha; RIMproAbstract
The study aims to investigate the phenological and reproductive characteristics of three apple cultivars (Melrose, Mutsu, and Florina) and to predict the development of apple scab and powdery mildew using the RIMpro disease and pest prediction model based on meteorological data from a Meteobot weather station. The study was conducted during the period 2021-2024. The trees are in full fruiting, grafted onto MM 106 rootstock, and planted at a distance of 4.5 × 3.0 m. The plantation was maintained using standard technology. The beginning of flowering (ВВСН 61) in the studied cultivars was with an interval of 3 days. Mutsu was the most productive cultivar, followed by Florina and Melrose. The damage caused by the economically essential diseases apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) was determined. Mutsu was found to have the highest degree and percentage of apple scab, and Florina was the most susceptible to powdery mildew of the three cultivars studied. Using data from the Meteobot meteorological station and the associated Rimpro forecasting model, fungicide spraying can be reduced to achieve healthier fruit production.
References
Arsevska, E., Roche, M., Hendrikx, P., Chavernac, D., Falala, S., Lancelot, R., & Dufour, B. (2016). Identification of terms for detecting early signals of emerging infectious disease outbreaks on the web. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 123, pp. 104 -115.
Boboeva, K. (2023). Study on the quality indicators of apple varieties grown at low-level under-grafted M-9. Earth Environ. Sci., 1142 012059 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1142/1/012059.
Borovinova, M. (1994). Susceptibility of 9 scab resistant apple varieties to Powdery milden (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell et Ev) Salmon). Plant Science, Vol. XXX, No. 7-10, 132-134.
Chatzidimopoulos, M., Lioliopoulou, F., Sotiropoulos, T., & Vellios, E. (2020). Efficient Control of Apple Scab with Targeted Spray Applications. Agronomy 10, p. 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020217.
Delate, K., McKern, A., Turnbull, R., Walker, J. T., Volz, R., White, A., Bus, V., Rogers, D., Cole, L., How, N., Guernsey, S., & Johnston, J. (2008). Organic Apple Systems: Constraints and Opportunities for Producers in Local and Global Markets: Introduction to the Colloquium. Hort. Science, 43(1), 6–11.
Farooqui, K. D., & Amin Dalal, M. (2005). Breeding apples for resistance to scab - an eco-friendly strategy. Acta Hortic. 696, pp. 33-37. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.696.3 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.696.3.
Höfer, M., Flachowsky, H., Schröpfer, S., & Peil, A. (2021). Evaluation of Scab and Mildew Resistance in the Gene Bank Collection of Apples in Dresden-Pillnitz. Plants, 10(6), p. 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061227.
Inderbitzin, J., Schuetz, S., Klein, N., & Kellerhals, M. (2019). Consumer acceptance of disease tolerant apple cultivars. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 46, pp. 201-207. https://doi.org/10.17221/97/2018-Hortsci.
Kaymak, S., İşçi, M., Özongun, Ş., & Özgönen, H. (2016). Determination of reaction levels of some apple genetic resources in Turkey to Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.). Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 56(2), 227 - 241 ISSN 0406-3597.
Kremer, Fr., & Unterstenhofer, G. (1967). De l‘emploi de la méthode de Townsend et Heuberger dans l‘interprétation des résultats d’essais phytosanitaires. Pflanzenschutz Nachrichten, 4, pp. 625-628.
Kim, K. S., Wang, T. C., & Yang, X. B. (2005). Simulation of apparent infection rate to predict severity of soybean rust using a fuzzy logic system. Phytopathology, 95, pp. 1122-1131.
Laurens, F. (1999). Review of the current apple breeding programmes in the world: objectives for scion cultivar improvement. Proc. of the Eucarpia Symp., on Fruit Breeding and Genetic Eds. K. R. Tobutt, F. H. Alston. Acta Hortic., 484, pp. 163-170.
MacHardy, W. E. (1996). Apple Scab, Biology, Epidemiology and Management. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Mamalova, К. (2021). Apple Trees of World Selection in Natural and Climatic Conditions of the North-Caucasus Region. International Conference ASE-I. Applied Science and Engineering. AIP Conf. Proc. 2442, 020006-1–020006-5; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0075424.
Rossi, V., Giosuè, S., & Bugiani, R. (2007). A-scab (Apple-scab), a simulation model for estimating risk of Venturia inaequalis primary infections. Journal compilation © 2007 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 37, pp. 300–308.
Wicklund, T., Guyot, S., & Le Quéré, J. M. (2021). Chemical Composition of Apples Cultivated in Norway. Crops, 1, pp. 8-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops101000.
Zhelev, Z. (2018). Development conditions and prognosis of dangerous pathogens in cereal crops. Plant protec¬tion. https://www.plant-protection.com/article/852 (Bg).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
