Evaluation of apple elites grafted on different rootstocks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/KKPB5909Keywords:
apple; phenological phases; rootstocks; yield; temperature sumsAbstract
The studies were conducted in a breeding apple plantation of the Institute of Agriculture - Kyustendil, established in the spring of 2019. The growth and reproductive manifestations of three apple elites selected at the institute: 1/20, 2/31, and 2/34 grafted onto M9, M9 T337, Supporter 4 Pi 80, and MM 106 rootstocks were studied. The beginning of flowering (BBCH 61) in the studied elites was 1 to 3 days apart. M9, M9 T337, and Supporter 4 Pi 80 rootstocks induced the elites to enter fruiting one year earlier compared to MM 106. The fruits of elite 2/34 grafted on M9 ripened the earliest (August 5), and elite 2/31 on Supporter 4 Pi 80 and M9 - the latest (September 16). From the end of flowering to fruit ripening, from 99 to 143 days were needed, and a temperature sum above 10°C from 1957 to 2793°C, respectively, for elite 2/34 on both Supporter 4 Pi 80 and M9 T337, and for elite 2/31 on Supporter 4 Pi 80. The highest average yield from the trees of elite 2/31 on M9 (13.9 kg), followed by those of 2/34 on M9 T337 (12.5 kg) and 1/20 on M9 (12.2 kg) was obtained, i.e. a tendency M9 and M9 T 337 rootstocks to induce slightly higher yield, as well as to form larger fruits during the period of initial and rapidly increasing fruiting was observed. By the end of the 6th growing season, the influence of rootstocks on tree growth was weakly expressed and generally corresponded to the biological characteristics of the rootstock used.
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