Changes in photosynthetic activity and productivity of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under the influence of some preparations and different sowing dates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/ATSN1545Keywords:
durum wheat; leaf area; photosynthetic potential; net photosynthetic productivity; biological and economic yield; harvest indexAbstract
A field experiment with durum wheat variety Predel (Triticum durum Desf.) was conducted during the period 2019–2021 at the Field Crops Institute in Chirpan. Three sowing dates were tested: early sowing (October 5–10), optimal sowing (October 20–25 – standard), and late sowing (November 5–10). In the early sowing treatments, two growth retardants (Ceron 480 SL – 1 l/ha and Medax Top – 1 l/ha) and two insecticides (Proteus 110 OD – 625 ml/ha and Mageos – 100 g/ha), as well as their combinations, were evaluated. In the late sowing treatments, two plant growth stimulants (Naturamin Plus – 1.5 l/ha and Raisa Mix – 750 ml/ha) and two foliar fertilizers (Cereal Mix SC – 1.5 l/ha and Trimax SC – 1.5 l/ha), along with their combinations, were studied. The treatments were applied after the 3rd–4th leaf stage of the crop, known as the "canopy closure" phase. For early sowing variants, this phase occurred in autumn, while for late sowing, it occurred in spring. The use of combinations of stimulants and foliar fertilizers in late sowing of durum wheat and of retardants and insecticides in early sowing forms a larger leaf area, photosynthetic potential, biological and grain yield compared to that formed under their influence in their independent application.The net productivity of photosynthesis is lowest in the variants with the largest leaf mass. The combination of Naturamin plus, Raisa mix, Mix for cereals and Trimaks in late sowing and the combination of Seron, Medax top, Proteus and Mageos in early sowing are lower than those in the individual use of these preparations and fertilizers, both during the individual interphase periods and throughout the entire vegetation period. The harvest index in the combinations of stimulants and foliar fertilizers in late sowing is equal to that in standard sowing and is higher compared to that in the variants of early sowing of durum wheat.
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