Inheritance of quantitative traits and biometrical indexes of Kneja 560 hybrid. III. Overall height of the plants, height of the ear location, number of leafs and ear leaf area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/RGYI5658Keywords:
maize; filial generations; heterosis; degrees of dominance; genetic effectsAbstract
The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Maize Institute – Kneja during the period 2017-2019, in accordance with the established agronomic practices for the region. It was carried out using a block method with two replications, at two planting densities – optimal (5500 plants/da) and increased (7000 plants/da) and under non-irrigated conditions. The inheritance patterns of the quantitative traits and biometric indicators related to productivity were analyzed in the high-yield medium-late hybrid Kneja 560 and its filial generations. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and analyze the predominant genetic actions and interactions that determine the inheritance of quantitative traits in maize, as well as their relationship with heterosis manifestations and genetic influences. The results show a pronounced heterosis effect in the first hybrid generation (F1), followed by depression in F2. Although the values vary under different environmental conditions, the direction of manifestation remains unchanged. In the process of inheritance of the traits, the most significant influence comes from overdominance. Dominant genetic effects play a leading role in the formation of traits such as the total plant height, height to the ear insertion, and the area of the flag leaf, with their action aimed at enhancing these characteristics. The inheritance of the number of leaves is determined by complex genetic control and is largely dependent on environmental conditions. The obtained results expand the selection assessment of the Kneja 560 hybrid, and based on the analysis, specific recommendations have been made for including the studied materials in effective breeding programs.
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