Effect of different ratio and intercropping systems on forage yield and some components of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and grass combination under arid climate conditions
Keywords:
Hungarian vetch; intercropping productivity; oat; rye grassAbstract
Intercropping productivity under conventional farming system was carried out in the experimental field of The Trakya Agricultural Research Institute (TTAE) in Edirne province in 2012-2015 growing seasons with 3 replications on randomized complete block design. The experiment consisted of mainly 7 entries for yield components - i.e., three pure stands Hungarian vetch (HV), oat (O) and annual rye grass (ARG) and four different mixtures (66% HV+34% O, 34% HV+66% O, 66% HV+34% ARG, 34% HV+66% ARG) as follow. Seven traits including plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf/stem ratio (LSR), legume ratio in botanic composition (LRBC), legume fresh forage yield (LFFY), total fresh forage yield (TFFY), total dry forage yield (TDFY), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD) and leaf/stem ratio (LSR) were measured on 10 random (vying plant) points per plot. Legume ratio in botanic composition (LRBC), legume fresh forage yield (LFFY), total fresh forage yield (TFFY), total dry forage yield (TDFY) were recorded at each plot. In mixtures of Hungarian vetch with annual rye grass, average forage yield (21.86 t ha-1) was lower by 32% than (28.87 t ha-1) that in mixtures of Hungarian vetch with oat average yield. Consequently all of the investigated parameters in the present study, 60% or 40% HV mixture with oat combination, can be recommended for high yield forage production.
References
Acar, Z., Gulumser, E., Asci, O.O., Basaran, U., Mut, H., & Ayan, I. (2017). Effects of sowing ratio and harvest periods on hay yields, quality and competitive charac teristics of Hungarian vetch-cereal mixtures. Legume Research: An International Journal, 40(4).
Acikgoz, E. (1988). Annual forage legumes in the arid and semi-arid regions of Turkey. In Nitrogen fixation by legumes in Mediterranean agriculture (pp. 47-54). Springer, Dordrecht.
Albayrak, S., Güler, M., & Töngel, M. Ö. (2004). Effects of seed rates on forage production and hay quality of vetch-triticale mixtures. Asian Journal of Plant Sci ences, 3(6), 752-756.
Albayrak, S., Turk, M., & Yuksel, O. (2011). Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on Hungarian vetch yield and quality. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16(1), 54-58.
Arshad, M., & Ranamukhaarachchi, S. L. (2012). Effects of legume type, planting pattern and time of establish ment on growth and yield of sweet sorghum-legume intercropping. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(8), 1265-1274.
Atis, I., Kokten, K., Hatipoglu, R., Yilmaz, S., Atak, M. & Can, E. (2012). Plant density and mixture ratio effects on the competition between common vetch and wheat. Australian Journal of CropScience, 6(3), 498.
Balabanli, C., & Turk, M. (2006). The effects of differ ent harvesting periods in some forage crops mixture on herbage yield and quality. Journal of Biological Sci ences, 6(2), 265-268.
Balabanli, C., S. Albayrak, M. Turk, & Yuksel, O. (2010). A research on determination of hay yields and silage qualities of some vetch+cereal mixtures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15(2), 204-209.
Caballero, R., & Goicoechea, E. L. (1986). Utilization of winter cereals as companion crops for common vetch and hairy vetch. In Proceedings of the 11th General Meeting of the European Grass. Fed (pp. 379-384).
Caballero, R., Goicoechea, E. L., & Hernaiz, P. J. (1995). Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch. Field Crops Research, 41(2), 135-140.
Cacan, E., & Yilmaz, H.S. (2015). Effects on hay yield and quality of different Hungarian vetch+wheat mixture ra tio in bingol conditions. Turkısh Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2(3), 290-296.
Connolly, J., Goma, H.C., & Rahim, K. (2001). The information content of indicators in intercropping research. Agriculture, ecosystems&environment, 87(2), 191-207.
Crews, T. E., & Peoples, M. B. (2004). Legume versus fertilizer sources of nitrogen: ecological tradeoffs and human needs. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 102(3), 279-297.
Dapaah, H. K., Asafu-Agyei, J. N., Ennin, S. A., & Ya moah, C. (2003). Yield stability of cassava, maize, soya bean and cowpea intercrops. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 140(1), 73-82.
Dhima, K. V., Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B., & Dordas, C. A. (2007). Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research, 100(2-3), 249-256.
Durst, L. V., Rude, B. J., & Ward, S. H. (2013). Evalua tion of different dietary supplements for cattle consum ing annual ryegrass baleage. Department report of the animal and dairy sciences of MSU, pp. 64-69.
Duzgunes, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O. & Gurbuz, F. (1987). Research and Experiment Methods (Statistical Methods II). Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty Press, Ankara, 295 p.
Giacomini, S. J., Aita, C., Vendruscolo, E. R. O., Cubilla, M., Nicoloso, R. S., & Fries, M. R. (2003). Dry matter, C/N ratio and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ac cumulation in mixed soil cover crops in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 27(2), 325-334.
Huňady, I. G. O. R., & Hochman, M. (2014). Potential of legume-cereal intercropping for increasing yields and yield stability for self-sufficiency with animal fodder in organic farming. Czech J Genet Plant Breed, 50, 185-194.
IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Ver sion 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Iptas, S. (2002). Effects of row spacing, support plant spe cies and support plant mixture ratio on seed yield and yield characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pan nonica Crantz). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(5), 357-362.
Karadag, Y., & Buyukburc, U. (2004). Forage qualities, forage yields and seed yields of some legume–triticale mixtures under rainfed conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 54(3), 140-148.
Karagić, Đ., Mihailović, V., Katić, S., Mikić, A., Milić, D., Vasiljević, S., & Milošević, B. (2011). Effect of row spacing on seed yield of hairy, common and Hungarian vetches. Romanian Agricultural Research, 28, 143-150.
Kilcher, M. R., & Troelsen, J. E. (1973). Contribution of stems and leaves to the composition and nutrient content of irrigated bromegrass at different stages of development. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 53(4), 767-771.
Księżak J. (1997). Evaluate the usefulness of determinate variety vetch to mixtures with spring cereals. In: Mat. Sci. Conf.: Plant Breeding, November 19-20, 1997, Poznań, Poland.
Kusvuran, A. (2011). The effects of different nitrogen doses on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(60), 12916-12924.
Kusvuran, A., & Tansi, V. (2005). The effects of various harvest densities and nitrogen doses on herbage and seed yield of annual ryegrass variety “caramba”(Lolium mul tiflorum cv. caramba) under the Cukurova Conditions. In 6th Field Crops Congress of Turkey. Antalya, Turkey, 2 (pp. 797-802).
Kusvuran, A., & Tansi, V. (2011). The effects of differ ent row spacing on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba). Bulgarian J. of Agri. Sci, 17(6), 744-754.
Kusvuran, A., Ralice, Y., & Saglamtimur, T. (2014). Determining the biomass production capacities of certain forage grasses and legumes and their mixtures under Mediterranean regional conditions. Advances in Agricultural Science, 2(2), 13-24.
Li, L., Zhang, F., Li, X., Christie, P., Sun, J., Yang, S., & Tang, C. (2003). Interspecific facilitation of nutrient uptake by intercropped maize and faba bean. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 65(1), 61-71.
Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B., Dhima, K. V., Dordas, C. A., & Yiakoulaki, M. D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research, 99(2-3), 106-113.
MSTAT-C (1988). A Microcomputer Program for the Design, Management, and Analysis of Agronomic Research Experiments. Crop and Soil Sciences Depart ment, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Martiniello, P., & Ciola, A. (1995). Dry matter and seed yield of Mediterranean annual legume species. Agrono my Journal, 87(5), 985-993.
Mpairwe, D. R., Sabiiti, E. N., Ummuna, N. N., Tegegne, A., & Osuji, P. (2002). Effect of intercropping cereal crops with forage legumes and source of nutrients on cereal grain yield and fodder dry matter yields. African Crop Science Journal, 10(1), 81-97.
Nadeem, M., Ansar, M., Anwar, A., Hussain, A., & Khan, S. (2010). Performance of winter cereal-legumes fodder mixtures and their pure stand at different growth stages under rainfed conditions of Pothowar. Journal of Agricultural Research, 48(2), 181-192.
Orak, A., & Nizam, I. (2012). Determining the yields of some annual forage crop intercropping suitable for Tekirdağ conditions. TABAD, Tarım Bilimleri Araștırma Dergisi, 5(2), 5-10.
Palágyi, A., Palágyi, A., & Móroczné Salamon, K. (2012). Different species of legumes grown in combination with oats as green forage. Cereal Research Communications, 40(3), 436-447.
Papastylianou, I. (1990). Response of pure stands and mixtures of cereals and legumes to nitrogen fertilization and residual effect on subsequent barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 115(1), 15-22.
Roberts, C. A., Moore, K. J., & Johnson, K. D. (1989). Forage quality and yield of wheat-vetch at different stages of maturity and vetch seeding rates. Agronomy Journal, 81(1), 57-60.
Sneath, P. H., & Sokal, R. R. (1973). Numerical taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. Freeman WH and Co: San Francisco.
Thomson, E. F., Rihawi, S., & Nersoyan, N. (1990). Nutritive value and yields of some forage legumes and barley harvested as immature herbage, hay and straw in North-West Syria. Experimental Agriculture, 26(1), 49-56.
Tuna C., & Orak A. (2007). The role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, vol. 2, 14-19.
Unal, S., Mutlu, Z., & Firincioglu, H.K. (2011). Perfor mances of some winter Hungarian vetch accessions (Vi cia pannonica Crantz.) on the highlands of Turkey. Turk ish Journal Of Field Crops, 16(1), 1-8.
Uzun, A., Bİlgili, U., Sincik, M., & Açıkgöz, E. (2004). Effects of seeding rates on yield and yield components of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28(3), 179-182.
Yolcu, H., Gunes, A., Dascı, M, Turan, M., & Serın, Y. (2010). The effects of solid, liquid and combined cattle manure applications on the yield, quality and mineral contents of common vetch and barley intercropping mix ture. Ekoloji, 19(75), 71-81.
Zafaranieh, M. (2015). Effect of various combinations of safflower and chickpea intercropping on yield and yield components of safflower. Agriculture Science Develop ment, 4(3), 31-34.
Zhang, F., & Li, L. (2003). Using competitive and facilita tive interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency. Plant and Soil, 248(1-2), 305-312.
Zhang, G., Yang, Z., & Dong, S. (2011). Interspecific com petitiveness affects the total biomass yield in an alfalfa and corn intercropping system. Field Crops Research, 124(1), 66-73.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
