Production and biological characteristics of apricot varieties (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) in the conditions of Uzbekistan

Abstract

The article provides data on the results of studies on the selection of highly productive varieties resistant to spring frosts and clothosporium disease, as well as to the conditions of a hot dry climate, created at the Samarkand scientific station of the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking named after Academician M.M. Mirzaev (Uzbekistan). As a result of many years of research, it was revealed that the latest terms of mass flowering were observed in the variety Mulla Sodik (April 09) and hybrid № 4332 (April 12), which is 9-12 days later than the control variety Yubileiny Navoi. Fruit ripening in varieties and hybrids was noted from June 25 to July 10. The varieties Marokand, Mulla Sodik, and hybrid № 4332 were distinguished by their resistance to clothosporium. The largest fruits were cultivar Mulla Sodik (55.8 g) and hybrid No. 4332 (51.3 g). During the research years (2015-2020), the highest yield was obtained for the late-flowering variety Mulla Sodik (14.9 t/ha) and hybrid No. 4332 (15.7 t/ha), which is 24.2-30.8 % higher than the indicators of the control variety Yubileiny Navoi. According to the indicators of the tasting assessment, the fruits of the varieties Mulla Sodik, Marokand (4.6 points), and hybrid № 4332 (4.7 points) stood out. On the basis of the research carried out, the apricot variety Mulla Sodik and hybrid № 4332 were submitted to the State Variety Testing Station of the Republic of Uzbekistan and are recommended for specialized fruit-growing farms. The results of scientific research will contribute to the successful cultivation of apricots, obtaining a constant and high yield, increasing the export of valuable fruits to the countries of the world.