Analysis of productivity related traits of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L) using organic fertilizers
Keywords:
wheat; correlations; quantitative traits; organic fertilizers; nitrogen nutritionAbstract
Background and purpose: The scarce information on the use of organic fertilizers in the world is a prerequisite for organizing research. The object of field experience is winter common wheat, grown after basic fertilization with organic fertilizers. Against the background of different levels of nitrogen nutrition, the changes occurring in quantitative traits of grain yield were observed. The aim of the study is to explain the changes in yield caused by the use of different organic fertilizers by direct comparison with those of the mineral fertilizer DAP. By analyzing the relationships between the traits that form it, an answer was sought to the reasons for achieving high yields in various newly developed varieties Methods: Three types of organic fertilizer (pellets) were compared directly with mineral one (DAP) in order to determine the most effective of them for the yield and the elements of productivity. Two other factors were included in the field experiment, which also have a significant influence on the grain yield. These are three levels of nitrogen fertilization (N3, N10, N18) and the factor "genotype", which includes seven current varieties created in the company "Agronom". Results: The hallmark that is the first reason for high grain yield is productive tillering (NPT). When high doses (N10-N18) are administered, it should exhibit relatively low values to compensate for the negative correlations that exist between grain size (TGW) on the one hand with tillering (NPT) and on the other hand with the number of grains per spike (NGS). The share of the number of grains per m2 (NGm) in fertilization with organic fertilizers is just as significant as in numerous other studies. Its values as an index, in this study, are more related to productive tillering ability (NPT) and less to the number of grains per spike (NGS). The high values of the latter (over 42 g) in the predominant part of the varieties are the reason for the presence of a direct negative correlation between it and the grain yield. Conclusions: Fertilization with organic fertilizers increases grain yield more than the mineral fertilizer (DAP). The application of organic fertilizers is a prerequisite for reducing the amount of nitrogen for feeding about 2 times, without adversely affecting grain yield. The maximum realized yield values are due to the combined effect of organic fertilizer with nitrogen fertilization doze (N10) and the role of the variety. With a combination of Sonar (C), minimal nutrition (N3) and the use of some of the ABC Clover, Rihanna or ABC Lombardy varieties, it is possible to obtain the highest possible grain yield. Tillering productivity per m2 (NPT), number of grains per m2 (NGm) and 1000 grain weight (TGW) are the characteristics that largely determine the size of the yield. Their manifestation in the studied varieties is the reason why they realize different grain yields.
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