Phytosanitary status and grain quality of oat varieties grown in different farming systems
Abstract
The experiment was carried out in a certified organic, biodynamic and conventional field of IA - Karnobat in the period 2015/16 - 2017/18, using oats varieties Kehlibar and Kaloyan. The phytosanitary condition and the quality of oat grain in the three types of farming were monitored. The type of agriculture has a great influence on the attack of diseases. In organic, biodynamic and conventional oat cultivation, the most common species is aphid Sitobion avenae L. Schizaphis graminum Rond. and Oulema lichenis Voet are only observed in conventional Kaloyan cultivation. In the case of biodynamically and organically grown oats, the number of aphids is lower, probably due to the presence of natural entomophagous, which develop there due to the presence of more flowering weeds and non-treatment with insecticides. In biodynamic and organic cultivation, in all three years, the density of pests is higher in the variety Kaloyan. The species diversity of weeds is higher in the two varieties of oats grown in organic and biodynamic agriculture. The density of weeds varies depending on the agro-meteorological conditions, the method of cultivation and the variety of the oat. The type of agriculture used in the cultivation of oats affects the mass of 1000 grains, the content of protein, starch, fiber and ash. The applied cultivation technology does not affect the ash content in the grain. When applied to conventional agriculture, oats form a grain with a high mass per 1000 grains and a high protein content; in organic farming - with a high content of fiber and spikelet glume and in biodynamic agriculture - with a high content of starch.
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