CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS AND QUALITY OF TOMATOES ON RECLAIMED SUBSTRATES
Keywords:
soil destruction, soil reclamation, heavy metals, tomatoesAbstract
Intensive development of mining and processing industry leads to a continuous reduction of arable and non-fund land. These adverse facts impose to proceed to the use for agricultural purposes of the land that is restored after a reclamation activities, regardless of their low fertility.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of culture medium on substrate reclaimed by the content of nutrients and heavy metals in the vegetative mass of tomatoes as well as on the quality of the fruit.
Experiment is set on four reclamation substrate taken by technical and biological reclaimed dumps built in iron ore (Lokorsko) and coal (Moshino). For convenience in the work materials used in the experiment will be marked as:
Object 1 – reclamation of organic substrate rehabilitated dump near Moshino, horizon 0–30 cm;
Object 2 – reclamation substrate technical rehabilitated dump in the area of Moshino;
Objectt 3 – reclamation of organic substrate rehabilitated dump near Lokorsko, horizon 0–30 cm;
Object 4 – reclamation substrate technical rehabilitated dump near Lokorsko.
It was found that fertilizer rate applied in experience (N800R600K757) is adequately selected in terms of N-fertilization, while PK-fertilization have formed a significant residual in the soil of these elements. High residual concentration of mobile phosphorus fertilization variants Objects 1-3 associated with low phosphorous content in plant tissues and in three subjects of the experiment indicate a disturbing factor in the uptake of phosphorus by tomato plants. The content of potassium in crop production experiment is displayed within the optimal range, while plants fertilized with (NH4)2SO4 was higher than those fertilized with NH4NO3. The content of oligo-and trace elements Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn in plant tissues of plants tomatoes ranges indicated it is optimal. As extremely tolerant to pollution culture tomatoes have significant potential for phytoremediation of contaminated land. The values of plastid pigments in the vegetative mass of tomato plants Objects 1-3 fertilized with NH4NO3, were significantly higher than those of variants with (NH4)2SO4. Fruits of plants fertilized with NH4NO3, of Objects 2 and 3 have a higher content of vitamin “C”, lycopene common dyes and sugars.
References
Dinev, N. and I. Nikova. 2008. Soil monitoring and phytostabilization trials of contaminated areas in Bulgaria. In: Phytotechnologies in Practice – Biomass Production, Agricultural Methods, Legacy, Legal and Economic Aspects, INERIS, France,October 15-17, 2008, ISBN 978-2-85498-024.
Banov, M. and At. Atanasov. 2011. Protection of land and soil – a guarantee for national security and sovereignty of Bulgaria. Reports, IX International Conference “Security in South East Europe – Crises, Challenges, Policies”.
Banov, M., P. Ivanov, V. Tzolova and L. Misheva. 2011. Reclamation of dumps obtained from open mining. In: I. Atanasov et al. (Ed.). Scientifi c papers, International Conference “100 years Soil Science in Bulgaria”, Part 2, ISBN 978-954-749-088-8. PublishScieSet-Eco, Sofia, pp. 798–802.
Berova, M., N. Stoeva, A. Vasilev and Z. Zlatev, 2007. Manua of Plant Physiology, Academic Press, AU Plovdiv, pp. 42–45.
Filcheva, E., N. Dinev and M. Hristova. 2012. Bulgarian Humic Substances Society – Forum for Consolidation of Humic Substances Researches. Journal of Arts and Sciences, ISSN 1301-3769, pp. 601–616.
Gorbanov, S., 2010. Fertilization of Crops, Videnov and Son Publishing, Sofia, p. 549.
Katzarova, A. and V. Kutev. 2011. Investigation of waste lignite powder for use as meliorant. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, (1–4): 234–236.
Kolev, N., A. Levi, L. Milenova, M. Nenov, R. Haarbrink and A. Shutko, 2012. Energy budget elements estimation of the agricultural field by aircraft remote sensing and land surface observation. Comptes Rendus de I’Acaddmie Bulgare des Sciences, 65 (7).
Kurwits, A. and E. Kirkby, 1981. Kali- Briefe, B. 12, № 22, S.1.
Mengel, K. and E. A. Kirkby. 1982. Principles of Plant Nutrition. International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 168–184.
Merkel, O., 1973. The infl uence of the NO3: NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution on yield and organic and inorganic contents in tomato. Zeitsch Pfl . Ermahr u Bdakde., (3): 236–246.
Mincheva, M. and A. Brashnarova, 1975. Certain ways of mineralization of plant material by routine analysis to fefi ne K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe by the methods of contemporary spectrophotometry, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, 10 (1): 114–122.
Mitova, Iv., 2007. Effect of nitrogen rate and soil type on the content of nutrients in tomato plants. Manganese toxicity. International Scientific Conference “Plant Geofund – Fundament of Modern Agriculture”, pp. 515–518.
Mitova, Iv., 2012. Factors behind the emergence and development of magnesium chlorosis of tomatoes. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, 46 (3): 50–54.
Mitova, Iv., M. Banov and L. Nenova, 2013. Grower and reproduced behavior of tomatoes on substrates for soil reclamation. Bul. Journal of Agricultural Science (in the press).
Mitova, Iv. and N. Dinev. 2011. Comparative study of organic and mineral fertilization on nutrient uptake and fruit quality of tomato. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, 45, Annex (1–4): 164–169.
Mitova, Iv. and R. Kancheva. 2004. Effect of nitrogen form and soil type on yield and some growth parameters in tomato. Ecology and Industry, 6 (2): 164–165.
Mitova, Iv. and Hr. Stoykov. 2008. Climatic conditions and phosphorus rate as factors for absorption of essential nutritional elements of tomato plants. 7th International Symposium „Ecological and Sustainable Development“, Vratsa, Scientifi c Works, pp. 287–290.
Neubert, P., W. Wrazidlo, H. P. Vielemeyer, Y. Hundt, Fr. Gollmick and W. Bergmann, 1970. Tabellen zur Pflanzen analyse. Erste orientierende Ubersicht-erarbeitet und zusammengestellt. GDR, Berlin, Inst. Fur pfl anzen 69 Jena, Naumburger Strabe 98, p.29.
Nikolov, N. and E. Zlatareva. 1999. Maximum acceptable concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg in agricultural soils depending on pH of the Soil. IVth International Meeting Red Mediterranean Soils. Bulgarian Journal of Аgricultural Science, 5: 166–170.
Nikova, I., N. Dinev and Iv. Mitova. 2011. Content of water soluble and exchange cations and heavy metals in plant tissue of tomatoes depending on soil pollution. Scientifi c papers – International Conference „100 years soil science in Bulgaria“, Part 2, ISBN 978-954-749-088-8, Publish. Scie. Set-Eco, Sofia, pp. 930-933.
Regulation № 3 (EC), 2008. Regarding the maximum allowed values for harmful substances in soil. Offi cial Gazette, 71, 12 August, 2008.
Tsolova, V., M. Banov, P. Ivanov and M. Hristova. 2011. The organic matter supply in reclaimed technosols of Bulgaria. Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology, 45 (1–4): 55–58.
Yanishebskiy, F. V. and E. F. Krishtenko, 1988. Chemical composition of cucumbers and tomatoes using complex fertilization with different nitrogen components in a hydroponics and soil substrates. Agrochemistry, (5): 29-36.
Zlatareva, E. and N. Nikolov, 1999. A comparative study of methods for availability of Pb, Zn and Cd in polluted calcareous soils, IVth International Meeting Red Mediterranean Soils. Bulgarian Journal of Аgricultural Science, 5: 171–177.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
