Assessment of the Effectiveness of Sustainable Agronomic Practices in Open- Field Production of Intensive Vegetable Crops in Southern Bulgaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61308/CXXX3115Keywords:
sustainable agriculture, vegetable production, organic fertilization, drip irrigation, economicAbstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable agronomic practices in open-field vegetable farming in Southern Bulgaria during the 2024 season, focusing on tomatoes and peppers. Under increasing climate pressure and resource constraints, the author uses an experimental-control case study method in two different regions – Parvomay and Sandanski – to assess the impact of organic fertilization, mulching, and drip irrigation. Results indicate yield increases of up to 15%, improved product quality, and significantly higher return on investment (ROI reaching 241%).
Soil health also improves notably: organic matter increases by an average of 0.4%, microbial activity rises by over 30%, and water retention improves by up to 15%. Indicators such as Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) highlight the superiority of the sustainable scheme, with WUE being up to 38% higher. Although these practices require initial investment, their economic and environmental value is evident.
The research offers a well-supported framework for transforming vegetable production toward a sustainable model, integrating economics, agronomy, and ecology. Policy and institutional support - through subsidies, demonstration platforms, and access to quality organic materials – are recommended. This multi-dimensional efficiency confirms that sustainable farming practices are not only viable but strategically essential within the framework of the European Green Deal.
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